Tanner M, Lukmanji Z
Swiss Tropical Institute Field Laboratory, Ifakara, Tanzania.
Acta Trop. 1987 Jun;44(2):229-44.
A survey on food consumption was undertaken in 32 out of 260 households of a rural Tanzanian community (Kikwawila village, Morogoro Region) during the lean season (February) and the post-harvest season (August) in 1983. The survey revealed that the staples maize, rice and cassava are equally important food items of the diet during the lean season. In August, the post-harvest season, rice dominated the food pattern and often replaced the porridge made from maize or cassava. Green vegetables, especially cassava leaves, were the main relish dish for the majority of households in February. Fish became a daily item of the diet of most families in August. Concentrated energy sources such as fats, oil and sugar were scarce in both survey periods. The diets of all age groups of the population surveyed were highly deficient in energy (mean adequacy 58%) and protein (50%) in February. The FAO/WHO-recommended standards (Passmore et al., 1974) were met for protein in August but energy deficiency was still observed (mean adequacy 65%). The variations in energy intake were not only seasonal, but were also age and sex dependent. Young males (10 to 16 years) followed by the infants (6 months to 3 years) and old females (greater than 60 years) were the groups with lowest adequacy (less than 50%) in February. Males (10 to 60 years) had the greatest energy deficits in August. Iron requirements were generally met in most age groups during both seasons. However, children under 3 years as well as adolescent and adult females (mean adequacy 54-65% in August) were at risk for anaemia. The seasonal pattern of the diet did significantly influence the vitamin A intake. While the requirements were fully met in February, a deficiency was noted in August. The low adequacy (40%) for vitamin A during the post-harvest season could be related to the scarcity of leafy vegetables in the diets. The data are discussed and related to the health problems observed in the community during the post-harvest season for three consecutive years.
1983年，在坦桑尼亚农村社区（莫罗戈罗地区基夸维拉村）的260户家庭中的32户进行了一次青黄不接季节（2月）和收获后季节（8月）的食物消费调查。调查显示，主食玉米、大米和木薯在青黄不接季节是同样重要的饮食项目。在8月收获后季节，大米主导了食物模式，常常取代用玉米或木薯制成的粥。绿色蔬菜，尤其是木薯叶，是2月大多数家庭的主要佐餐菜肴。8月，鱼类成为大多数家庭日常饮食的一部分。在两个调查时期，脂肪、油和糖等浓缩能量来源都很稀缺。2月，接受调查的所有年龄组人群的饮食严重缺乏能量（平均充足率58%）和蛋白质（50%）。8月蛋白质摄入量达到了粮农组织/世界卫生组织推荐的标准（帕斯莫尔等人，1974年），但仍存在能量不足的情况（平均充足率65%）。能量摄入量的变化不仅有季节性，还与年龄和性别有关。2月，年轻男性（10至16岁），其次是婴儿（6个月至3岁）和老年女性（60岁以上）是充足率最低（低于50%）的群体。8月，男性（10至60岁）的能量赤字最大。在两个季节中，大多数年龄组的铁需求一般都能得到满足。然而，3岁以下儿童以及青少年和成年女性（8月平均充足率54 - 65%）有患贫血症的风险。饮食的季节性模式确实对维生素A的摄入量有显著影响。虽然2月需求得到了充分满足，但8月发现存在缺乏情况。收获后季节维生素A充足率低（40%）可能与饮食中叶类蔬菜稀缺有关。对这些数据进行了讨论，并与连续三年收获后季节在该社区观察到的健康问题相关联。
