基础科学和医学研究领域的女性医师的职业成就感和育儿工作生活平衡：对日本所有 80 所医学院的全国性横断面调查。
Professional fulfillment and parenting work-life balance in female physicians in Basic Sciences and medical research: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of all 80 medical schools in Japan.
机构信息
Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
出版信息
Hum Resour Health. 2017 Sep 15;15(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12960-017-0241-0.
BACKGROUND
In Japan, the field of Basic Sciences encompasses clinical, academic, and translational research, as well as the teaching of medical sciences, with both an MD and PhD typically required. In this study, it was hypothesized that the characteristics of a Basic Sciences career path could offer the professional advancement and personal fulfillment that many female medical doctors would find advantageous. Moreover, encouraging interest in Basic Sciences could help stem shortages that Japan is experiencing in medical fields, as noted in the three principal contributing factors: premature resignation of female clinicians, an imbalance of female physicians engaged in research, and a shortage of medical doctors in the Basic Sciences. This study examines the professional and personal fulfillment expressed by Japanese female medical doctors who hold positions in Basic Sciences. Topics include career advancement, interest in medical research, and greater flexibility for parenting.
METHODS
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was distributed at all 80 medical schools in Japan, directed to 228 female medical doctors whose academic rank was assistant professor or higher in departments of Basic Sciences in 2012. Chi-square tests and the binary logistic regression model were used to investigate the impact of parenthood on career satisfaction, academic rank, salary, etc.
RESULTS
The survey response rate of female physicians in Basic Sciences was 54.0%. Regardless of parental status, one in three respondents cited research interest as their rationale for entering Basic Sciences, well over twice other motivations. A majority had clinical experience, with clinical duties maintained part-time by about half of respondents and particularly parents. Only one third expressed afterthoughts about relinquishing full-time clinical practice, with physicians who were parents expressing stronger regrets. Parental status had little effect on academic rank and income within the Basic Sciences, CONCLUSION: Scientific curiosity and a desire to improve community health are hallmarks of those choosing a challenging career in medicine. Therefore, it is unsurprising that interest in research is the primary motivation for a female medical doctor to choose a career in Basic Sciences. Additionally, as with many young professionals with families, female doctors seek balance in professional and private lives. Although many expressed afterthoughts relinquishing a full-time clinical practice, mothers generally benefited from greater job flexibility, with little significant effect on career development and income as Basic Scientists.
背景
在日本，基础科学领域涵盖临床、学术和转化研究，以及医学科学教学，通常需要医学博士和哲学博士。在这项研究中，假设基础科学职业道路的特点可以提供许多女医生认为有利的职业发展和个人满足感。此外，鼓励对基础科学的兴趣可能有助于缓解日本在医学领域面临的短缺问题，正如三个主要促成因素所指出的那样：女性临床医生提前辞职、从事研究的女性医生比例失衡以及基础科学领域的医生短缺。本研究考察了在基础科学领域担任职务的日本女医生所表达的职业和个人满足感。主题包括职业发展、对医学研究的兴趣以及育儿的更大灵活性。
方法
对 2012 年日本所有 80 所医学院的基础科学系的 228 名助理教授或以上职称的女医生进行了横断面问卷调查。采用卡方检验和二元逻辑回归模型，调查了生育对职业满意度、学术职称、工资等的影响。
结果
基础科学女医生的调查应答率为 54.0%。无论是否有子女，三分之一的受访者表示对研究的兴趣是他们进入基础科学领域的原因，远远超过其他动机的两倍。大多数人都有临床经验，大约一半的受访者，尤其是有子女的受访者，兼职承担临床职责。只有三分之一的人表示后悔放弃全职临床实践，有子女的医生表示后悔的程度更强。生育状况对基础科学领域的学术职称和收入几乎没有影响。
结论
对科学的好奇心和改善社区健康的愿望是选择充满挑战的医学职业的标志。因此，女医生对基础科学职业感兴趣的主要动机是对研究的兴趣也就不足为奇了。此外，与许多有家庭的年轻专业人士一样，女医生寻求专业和私人生活的平衡。尽管许多人对放弃全职临床实践表示后悔，但母亲们通常受益于更大的工作灵活性，作为基础科学家，对职业发展和收入的影响很小。
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