Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2014 Jan;232(1):35-42. doi: 10.1620/tjem.232.35.
Previous studies from the US have found that female physicians often experience gender-based discrimination related to professional advancement. In Japan, female physicians are underrepresented in leadership positions but little is known about the prevalence of gender discrimination. We investigated the perception and prevalence of gender-based career obstacles and discrimination among Japanese physicians. The study was based on surveys of alumnae from 13 medical schools and alumni from 3 medical schools. In total, 1,684 female and 808 male physicians completed a self-administered questionnaire (response rate 83% and 58%). More women than men had the perception of gender-based career obstacles for women (77% vs. 55%; p < 0.0001). Women with part-time positions were more likely to have the perception of gender-based career obstacles than women working full-time (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01-1.73). More women than men reported experience of gender discrimination related to professional advancement (21% vs. 3%; p < 0.0001). Factors associated with experience of gender discrimination included age (p < 0.0001), marital status (p < 0.0001), academic positions (p < 0.0001), subspecialty board certification (p = 0.0011), and PhD status (p < 0.0001). Women older than 40 years were more likely to experience gender discrimination compared with younger women (OR 5.77, 95% CI: 1.83-18.24 for women above 50, and OR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.48-7.28 for women between 40 and 49) and women with PhD were more likely to experience gender discrimination (OR 4.23, 95% CI: 1.81-9.89). Our study demonstrated that a significant proportion of Japanese women experienced gender-based discrimination and perceived gender-based career obstacles compared with male physicians.
先前来自美国的研究发现，女性医师经常经历与职业发展相关的基于性别的歧视。在日本，女性医师在领导层中代表性不足，但对性别歧视的普遍程度知之甚少。我们调查了日本医师对基于性别的职业障碍和歧视的看法和普遍程度。该研究基于对 13 所医学院的校友和 3 所医学院的校友进行的调查。共有 1684 名女性和 808 名男性医师完成了一份自我管理问卷（回应率分别为 83%和 58%）。与男性相比，更多的女性认为女性的职业障碍存在性别差异（77%比 55%；p < 0.0001）。兼职的女性比全职工作的女性更有可能认为存在性别障碍（OR 1.32，95% CI：1.01-1.73）。与男性相比，更多的女性报告说她们在职业发展方面经历过性别歧视（21%比 3%；p < 0.0001）。与经历性别歧视相关的因素包括年龄（p < 0.0001）、婚姻状况（p < 0.0001）、学术职位（p < 0.0001）、专科委员会认证（p = 0.0011）和博士学位（p < 0.0001）。与年轻女性相比，年龄在 40 岁以上的女性更有可能经历性别歧视（50 岁以上的女性的 OR 为 5.77，95% CI：1.83-18.24，40-49 岁的女性的 OR 为 3.2，95% CI：1.48-7.28），拥有博士学位的女性更有可能经历性别歧视（OR 为 4.23，95% CI：1.81-9.89）。我们的研究表明，与男性医师相比，相当一部分日本女性经历了基于性别的歧视，并认为职业发展存在基于性别的障碍。
