衰老和双语能力如何影响语言处理：理论与神经模型。
How aging and bilingualism influence language processing: theoretical and neural models.
作者信息
Rossi Eleonora, Diaz Michele T
机构信息
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Pomona, CA, USA.
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
出版信息
Linguist Approaches Biling. 2016;6(1-2):9-42. doi: 10.1075/lab.14029.ros. Epub 2016 Jan 25.
Healthy non-pathological aging is characterized by cognitive and neural decline, and although language is one of the more stable areas of cognition, older adults often show deficits in language production, showing word finding failures, increased slips of the tongue, and increased pauses in speech. Overall, research on language comprehension in older healthy adults show that it is more preserved than language production. Bilingualism has been shown to confer a great deal of neuroplasticity across the life span, including a number of cognitive benefits especially in executive functions such as cognitive control. Many models of bilingual language processing have been proposed to explain bilingual language processing. However, the question remains open of how such models might be modulated by age-related changes in language. Here, we discuss how current models of language processing in non-pathological aging, and models of bilingual language processing can be integrated to provide new research directions.
健康的非病理性衰老的特征是认知和神经功能衰退，尽管语言是认知中较为稳定的领域之一，但老年人在语言表达方面常常表现出缺陷，如出现找词困难、口误增多以及言语停顿增加等情况。总体而言，对健康老年人语言理解能力的研究表明，其比语言表达能力更能得以保留。研究表明，双语能力在人的一生中都具有很强的神经可塑性，包括诸多认知益处，尤其是在执行功能如认知控制方面。人们已经提出了许多双语语言加工模型来解释双语语言加工过程。然而，这些模型如何受到与年龄相关的语言变化的调节这一问题仍然悬而未决。在此，我们将探讨如何将当前关于非病理性衰老中的语言加工模型与双语语言加工模型进行整合，以提供新的研究方向。
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