From the Department of Anesthesiology.
Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
Anesth Analg. 2018 Feb;126(2):670-681. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002444.
Over the past decade, evolutionarily conserved, noncoding small RNAs-so-called microRNAs (miRNAs)-have emerged as important regulators of virtually all cellular processes. miRNAs influence gene expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of protein-coding RNA, leading to its degradation and translational repression. In medicine, miRNAs have been revealed as novel, highly promising biomarkers and as attractive tools and targets for novel therapeutic approaches. miRNAs are currently entering the field of perioperative medicine, and they may open up new perspectives in anesthesia, critical care, and pain medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology of miRNAs and their potential role in human disease. We highlight current paradigms of miRNA-mediated effects in perioperative medicine and provide a survey of miRNA biomarkers in the field known so far. Finally, we provide a perspective on miRNA-based therapeutic opportunities and perspectives.
在过去的十年中，进化上保守的非编码小分子 RNA——所谓的 microRNAs（miRNAs）——已成为几乎所有细胞过程的重要调节剂。miRNAs 通过与蛋白质编码 RNA 的 3'非翻译区结合来影响基因表达，导致其降解和翻译抑制。在医学领域，miRNAs 已被揭示为新型、极具前景的生物标志物，并且作为新型治疗方法的有吸引力的工具和靶点。miRNAs 目前正在进入围手术期医学领域，它们可能为麻醉、重症监护和疼痛医学领域开辟新的视角。在这篇综述中，我们提供了 miRNA 生物学及其在人类疾病中潜在作用的概述。我们强调了围手术期医学中 miRNA 介导的作用的当前范例，并提供了迄今为止已知领域中 miRNA 生物标志物的调查。最后，我们对基于 miRNA 的治疗机会和前景进行了展望。
