Hu Minhao, Wattchow David, de Fontgalland Dayan
School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
ANZ J Surg. 2018 Mar;88(3):146-151. doi: 10.1111/ans.14189. Epub 2017 Sep 18.
The landscape of surgical anatomy education is progressively changing. Traditional methods, such as cadaveric dissection and didacticism are being increasingly phased out in undergraduate courses for multimodal approaches incorporating problem-based learning, radiology and computer-based simulations. Although effective at clinically contextualizing and integrating anatomical information, these approaches may be a poor substitute for fostering a grasp of foundational 'pure' anatomy. Dissection is ideal for this purpose and hence remains the cornerstone of anatomical education. However, novel methods and technological advancements continually give way to adjuncts such as cadaveric surgery, three-dimensional printing, virtual simulation and live surgical streaming, which have demonstrated significant efficacy alone or alongside dissection. Therefore, although divergent paradigms of 'new versus old' approaches have engulfed and divided the community, educators should seek to integrate the ancient and avant-garde to comprehensively satisfy all of the modern anatomy learner's educational needs.
外科解剖学教育的格局正在逐步改变。传统方法，如尸体解剖和讲授法，在本科课程中越来越多地被淘汰，取而代之的是采用基于问题的学习、放射学和计算机模拟的多模式方法。尽管这些方法在将解剖学信息进行临床情境化和整合方面很有效，但在培养对基础“纯”解剖学的理解方面可能是一个糟糕的替代品。解剖对于这个目的来说是理想的，因此仍然是解剖学教育的基石。然而，新方法和技术进步不断让位于尸体手术、三维打印、虚拟模拟和实时手术直播等辅助手段，这些手段单独使用或与解剖结合使用都已显示出显著的效果。因此，尽管“新旧”方法的不同范式已经席卷并分裂了这个领域，但教育工作者应该寻求将古老与前卫相结合，以全面满足现代解剖学学习者的所有教育需求。
