Chaturvedi Arvind K, Craft Kristi J, Canfield Dennis V, Whinnery James E
Bioaeronautical Sciences Research Laboratory AAM-610, FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125-5066, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Dec;76(12):1145-50.
The prevalence of drug and ethanol use in aviation is monitored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Under such monitoring, toxicological studies for the 1989-1993 and 1994-1998 periods indicated lower percentages of the presence of controlled substances (illegal drugs) than that of prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) drugs in aviation accident pilot fatalities. In continuation, a toxicological assessment was made for an additional period of 5 yr.
Biosamples from aviation accident pilot fatalities submitted to the FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) are analyzed, and those findings are stored in a database. This database was examined for the 1999-2003 period for the presence of controlled substances (Schedules I-V), prescription/nonprescription drugs, and ethanol in the fatalities.
Out of 1629 fatal aviation accidents from which CAMI received biosamples, pilots were fatally injured in 1587 accidents. Drugs and/or ethanol were found in 830 (52%) of the 1587 fatalities. Controlled substances from Schedules I-II (SI-II) and Schedules III-V (SIII-V) were detected in 113 and 42 pilots, respectively. Prescription drugs were present in 315 pilots, nonprescription drugs in 259, and ethanol in 101. SI-II substances were detected in 5 of 122 first-class medical certificate-holding airline transport pilots. In addition to the controlled substances, many of the prescription/nonprescription drugs found in the fatalities have the potential for impairing performance.
Findings from this study were consistent with those of two previous toxicological studies and support the FAA's programs aimed at reducing the usage of performance-impairing substances.
联邦航空管理局（FAA）对航空领域药物和乙醇的使用情况进行监测。在这种监测下，1989 - 1993年和1994 - 1998年期间的毒理学研究表明，在航空事故中遇难飞行员体内，受控物质（非法药物）的检出率低于处方药和非处方药（非处方）药物。接下来，又进行了为期5年的毒理学评估。
对提交给FAA民用航空医学研究所（CAMI）的航空事故遇难飞行员的生物样本进行分析，并将这些结果存储在数据库中。对该数据库中1999 - 2003年期间的数据进行检查，以确定遇难者体内是否存在受控物质（I - V类）、处方药/非处方药以及乙醇。
在CAMI收到生物样本的1629起致命航空事故中，有1587起事故中的飞行员遇难。在1587名遇难者中，有830名（52%）被检测出体内含有药物和/或乙醇。分别在113名和42名飞行员体内检测到I - II类（SI - II）和III - V类（SIII - V）受控物质。315名飞行员体内检测出处方药，259名体内检测出非处方药，101名体内检测出乙醇。在122名持有头等舱医疗证书的航空公司运输飞行员中，有5名检测出SI - II类物质。除了受控物质外，在遇难者体内发现的许多处方药/非处方药都有可能影响飞行表现。
本研究结果与之前两项毒理学研究的结果一致，并支持FAA旨在减少影响飞行表现物质使用的计划。
