Salonen Anne H, Alho Hannu, Castrén Sari
1 National Institute for Health and Welfare, Tobacco, Gambling and Addiction Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Scand J Public Health. 2016 Dec;44(8):799-804. doi: 10.1177/1403494816673529. Epub 2016 Oct 22.
This study investigates the proportion of concerned significant others (CSOs) of problem gamblers at population level and describes the extent and type of gambling harms for CSOs.
Cross-sectional random sample data ( n = 4515) were collected in 2015. The data were weighted based on age, gender and residence. CSOs were identified using a question including seven options. Gambling harms were inquired using structured questions. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Squared and Fischer's exact tests were used.
Overall, the proportion of CSOs was 19.3%. Males had close friends with gambling problems more often than females, while females had family members with gambling problems more often than males. Of the CSOs, 59.5% had experienced one or more harms. Females experienced more harms than males. Typical harms were worry about health or well-being of close ones, emotional distress and problems in interpersonal relationships. CSOs with a problem gambler in the family, particularly a partner, child/children or mother, experienced harms more often than CSOs with a problem gambler as a close friend.
Female gender was associated with a larger extent of harms. The extent of harms was greatest if the problem gambler was a family member; however, a substantial amount of harms were experienced when the problem gambler was a close friend. CSOs and their position in evaluating gambling harms in general should be acknowledged. Persons beyond the nuclear family and the harms they encounter should be better acknowledged in prevention and harm minimisation. Early identification and a clear referral path to tailored support in occupational, social and healthcare settings may be considered.
本研究调查了总体人群中问题赌徒相关重要他人（CSO）的比例，并描述了CSO所遭受的赌博危害的程度和类型。
2015年收集了横断面随机样本数据（n = 4515）。数据根据年龄、性别和居住地进行加权。通过一个包含七个选项的问题来识别CSO。使用结构化问题询问赌博危害情况。采用描述性统计以及卡方检验和费舍尔精确检验。
总体而言，CSO的比例为19.3%。男性有赌博问题密友的情况比女性更常见，而女性有赌博问题家庭成员的情况比男性更常见。在CSO中，59.5%经历过一种或多种危害。女性比男性经历的危害更多。典型危害包括担心亲近之人的健康或幸福、情绪困扰以及人际关系问题。家庭中有问题赌徒的CSO，特别是伴侣、子女或母亲，比有问题赌徒密友的CSO更常遭受危害。
女性遭受的危害程度更大。如果问题赌徒是家庭成员，危害程度最大；然而，当问题赌徒是密友时，也会有相当数量的危害。一般而言，应承认CSO及其在评估赌博危害方面的立场。在预防和危害最小化方面，应更好地认识到核心家庭之外的人及其所遭受的危害。可以考虑在职业、社会和医疗环境中进行早期识别，并建立明确的转介途径以获得量身定制的支持。
