Jap Bernard A J, Borleffs Elisabeth, Maassen Ben A M
International Doctorate for Experimental Approaches to Language and Brain (IDEALAB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
Read Writ. 2017;30(8):1729-1751. doi: 10.1007/s11145-017-9748-y. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
With its transparent orthography, Standard Indonesian is spoken by over 160 million inhabitants and is the primary language of instruction in education and the government in Indonesia. An assessment battery of reading and reading-related skills was developed as a starting point for the diagnosis of dyslexia in beginner learners. Founded on the International Dyslexia Association's definition of dyslexia, the test battery comprises nine empirically motivated reading and reading-related tasks assessing word reading, pseudoword reading, arithmetic, rapid automatized naming, phoneme deletion, forward and backward digit span, verbal fluency, orthographic choice (spelling), and writing. The test was validated by computing the relationships between the outcomes on the reading-skills and reading-related measures by means of correlation and factor analyses. External variables, i.e., school grades and teacher ratings of the reading and learning abilities of individual students, were also utilized to provide evidence of its construct validity. Four variables were found to be significantly related with reading-skill measures: phonological awareness, rapid naming, spelling, and digit span. The current study on reading development in Standard Indonesian confirms findings from other languages with transparent orthographies and suggests a test battery including preliminary norm scores for screening and assessment of elementary school children learning to read Standard Indonesian.
标准印度尼西亚语拼写规范，有超过1.6亿居民使用，是印度尼西亚教育和政府部门的主要教学语言。开发了一套阅读及与阅读相关技能的评估组合，作为诊断初学者阅读障碍的起点。基于国际阅读障碍协会对阅读障碍的定义，该测试组合包括九项基于经验设计的阅读及与阅读相关任务，用于评估单词阅读、假词阅读、算术、快速自动命名、音素删除、顺背和倒背数字广度、言语流畅性、正字法选择（拼写）和写作。通过相关性分析和因子分析计算阅读技能和与阅读相关测量结果之间的关系，对该测试进行了验证。还利用外部变量，即个别学生的学业成绩以及教师对其阅读和学习能力的评分，来证明其结构效度。发现有四个变量与阅读技能测量结果显著相关：语音意识、快速命名、拼写和数字广度。目前关于标准印度尼西亚语阅读发展的研究证实了其他正字法透明语言的研究结果，并提出了一个测试组合，其中包括用于筛查和评估学习阅读标准印度尼西亚语的小学生的初步常模分数。
