Leffler Christopher T, Schwartz Stephen G, Le John Q
Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Naples, FL, USA.
Ophthalmol Eye Dis. 2017 Sep 11;9:1179172117729367. doi: 10.1177/1179172117729367. eCollection 2017.
English surgeon John Taylor attempted to perform strabismus surgery in the 18th century. The field languished until, in Germany, treatment of strabismus by cutting an extraocular muscle was proposed by Louis Stromeyer in 1838 and performed by Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach in 1839. According to traditional teaching, there has never been any proof that anyone in the United States thought of the idea of strabismus surgery before Stromeyer's report. In 1841, American surgeon William Gibson wrote that he had cut extraocular muscles to treat strabismus several times beginning in 1818 but never published his cases. Gibson's former trainee Alexander E Hosack of New York confirmed Gibson's memory. Interestingly, Hosack's family had a connection with the family of New York oculist John Scudder Jr (1807-1843), whose reported cure of strabismus by cutting some of the fibers of an extraocular muscle was described in newspapers throughout the United States in 1837. Thus, Scudder's report preceded that of Stromeyer. Scudder's claim cannot be verified, but his description could have influenced Stromeyer, and demonstrates that the idea of strabismus surgery did exist in America before 1838.
18世纪，英国外科医生约翰·泰勒尝试进行斜视手术。在此之前，该领域发展停滞不前。直到1838年，德国的路易斯·施特罗迈尔提出通过切断眼外肌来治疗斜视，并于1839年由约翰·弗里德里希·迪芬巴赫实施了手术。根据传统说法，在施特罗迈尔的报告之前，没有任何证据表明美国有人想到过斜视手术的想法。1841年，美国外科医生威廉·吉布森写道，自1818年起他就多次切断眼外肌来治疗斜视，但从未发表过相关病例。吉布森的前学员、纽约的亚历山大·E·霍萨克证实了吉布森的记忆。有趣的是，霍萨克家族与纽约眼科医生小约翰·斯卡德（1807 - 1843）的家族有联系，1837年美国各地报纸报道了小约翰·斯卡德通过切断部分眼外肌纤维治愈斜视的病例。因此，斯卡德的报告早于施特罗迈尔。斯卡德的说法无法证实，但他的描述可能影响了施特罗迈尔，这表明斜视手术的想法在1838年之前就已在美国存在。
