Mishra Jitendra, Singh Rachna, Arora Naveen K
Rhizosphere Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow, India.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Sep 6;8:1706. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01706. eCollection 2017.
Increasing concentration of heavy metals (HM) due to various anthropogenic activities is a serious problem. Plants are very much affected by HM pollution particularly in contaminated soils. Survival of plants becomes tough and its overall health under HM stress is impaired. Remediation of HM in contaminated soil is done by physical and chemical processes which are costly, time-consuming, and non-sustainable. Metal-microbe interaction is an emerging but under-utilized technology that can be exploited to reduce HM stress in plants. Several rhizosphere microorganisms are known to play essential role in the management of HM stresses in plants. They can accumulate, transform, or detoxify HM. In general, the benefit from these microbes can have a vast impact on plant's health. Plant-microbe associations targeting HM stress may provide another dimension to existing phytoremediation and rhizoremediation uses. In this review, applied aspects and mechanisms of action of heavy metal tolerant-plant growth promoting (HMT-PGP) microbes in ensuring plant survival and growth in contaminated soils are discussed. The use of HMT-PGP microbes and their interaction with plants in remediation of contaminated soil can be the approach for the future. This low input and sustainable biotechnology can be of immense use/importance in reclaiming the HM contaminated soils, thus increasing the quality and yield of such soils.
由于各种人为活动导致重金属（HM）浓度增加是一个严重问题。植物受重金属污染影响很大，尤其是在受污染土壤中。植物的生存变得艰难，其在重金属胁迫下的整体健康受到损害。污染土壤中重金属的修复通过物理和化学过程进行，这些过程成本高、耗时且不可持续。金属 - 微生物相互作用是一种新兴但未充分利用的技术，可用于减轻植物的重金属胁迫。已知几种根际微生物在植物重金属胁迫管理中发挥重要作用。它们可以积累、转化或解毒重金属。一般来说，这些微生物带来的益处会对植物健康产生巨大影响。针对重金属胁迫的植物 - 微生物联合可能为现有的植物修复和根际修复应用提供新的维度。在本综述中，讨论了重金属耐受 - 植物生长促进（HMT - PGP）微生物在确保植物在污染土壤中生存和生长方面的应用方面及作用机制。使用HMT - PGP微生物及其与植物在污染土壤修复中的相互作用可能是未来的方法。这种低投入且可持续的生物技术在修复重金属污染土壤方面具有巨大用途/重要性，从而提高此类土壤的质量和产量。
