Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017 Oct;101(20):7689-7702. doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8502-3. Epub 2017 Sep 20.
Eleven published PCR primer sets for detecting genes encoding 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), hydrazine oxidoreductase (HZO), cytochrome cd -containing nitrite reductase (NirS), and hydrazine synthase subunit A (HzsA) of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria were assessed for the diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria in samples of three environments: wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), wetland of Mai Po Nature Reserve (MP), and the South China Sea (SCS). Consistent phylogenetic results of three biomarkers (16S rRNA, hzo, and hzsA) of anammox bacteria were obtained from all samples. WWTP had the lowest diversity with Candidatus Kuenenia dominating while the SCS was dominated by Candidatus Scalindua. MP showed the highest diversity of anammox bacteria including C. Scalindua, C. Kuenenia, and Candidatus Brocadia. Comparing different primer sets, no significant differences in specificity for 16S rRNA gene could be distinguished. Primer set CL1 showed relatively high efficiency in detecting the anammox bacterium hzo gene from all samples, while CL2 showed greater selectivity for WWTP samples. The recently reported primer sets of the hzsA gene resulted in high efficiencies in detecting anammox bacteria while nirS primer sets were more selective for specific samples. Results collectively indicate that the distribution of anammox bacteria is niche-specific within different ecosystems and primer specificity may cause biases on the diversity detected.
对用于检测厌氧氨氧化（anammox）细菌的 16S 核糖体 RNA（rRNA）、肼氧化还原酶（HZO）、含细胞色素 cd 的亚硝酸盐还原酶（NirS）和肼合酶亚基 A（HzsA）基因的 11 个已发表的聚合酶链反应（PCR）引物集进行了评估，以了解三种环境（污水处理厂（WWTP）、米埔自然保护区（MP）湿地和南海（SCS））中 anammox 细菌的多样性和丰度。从所有样品中均获得了 anammox 细菌的三个生物标志物（16S rRNA、hzo 和 hzsA）的一致系统发育结果。WWTP 的多样性最低，优势种为 Candidatus Kuenenia，而 SCS 则以 Candidatus Scalindua 为主。MP 显示出最高的 anammox 细菌多样性，包括 C. Scalindua、C. Kuenenia 和 Candidatus Brocadia。比较不同的引物集，发现 16S rRNA 基因的特异性没有显著差异。CL1 引物集在检测所有样品中的 anammox 细菌 hzo 基因方面显示出相对较高的效率，而 CL2 引物集对 WWTP 样品具有更高的选择性。最近报道的 hzsA 基因引物集在检测 anammox 细菌方面具有较高的效率，而 nirS 引物集对特定样品具有更高的选择性。结果表明，anammox 细菌在不同生态系统中的分布具有生态位特异性，而引物特异性可能会导致检测到的多样性产生偏差。
