Castner Diobel M, Clark Susan J, Judelson Daniel A, Rubin Daniela A
Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 North State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA.
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, 1201 West La Veta Avenue, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
Diseases. 2016 Jan 15;4(1):4. doi: 10.3390/diseases4010004.
Following exercise, heart rate decline is initially driven by parasympathetic reactivation and later by sympathetic withdrawal. Obesity delays endurance exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) in both children and adults. Young people with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a congenital cause for obesity, have shown a slower 60-s endurance exercise HRR compared to lean and obese children, suggesting compromised regulation. This study further evaluated effects of obesity and PWS on resistance exercise HRR at 30 and 60 s in children. PWS (8-18 years) and lean and obese controls (8-11 years) completed a weighted step-up protocol (six sets x 10 reps per leg, separated by one-minute rest), standardized using participant stature and lean body mass. HRR was evaluated by calculated HRR value (HRRV = difference between HR at test termination and 30 (HRRV30) and 60 (HRRV60) s post-exercise). PWS and obese had a smaller HRRV30 than lean ( < 0.01 for both). Additionally, PWS had a smaller HRRV60 than lean and obese ( = 0.01 for both). Obesity appears to delay early parasympathetic reactivation, which occurs within 30 s following resistance exercise. However, the continued HRR delay at 60 s in PWS may be explained by either blunted parasympathetic nervous system reactivation, delayed sympathetic withdrawal and/or poor cardiovascular fitness.
运动后，心率下降最初由副交感神经重新激活驱动，随后由交感神经撤离驱动。肥胖会延迟儿童和成人耐力运动后的心率恢复（HRR）。患有普拉德-威利综合征（PWS）的年轻人，这是一种导致肥胖的先天性病因，与体型瘦的儿童和肥胖儿童相比，其60秒耐力运动后的HRR较慢，提示调节功能受损。本研究进一步评估了肥胖和PWS对儿童30秒和60秒抗阻运动后HRR的影响。PWS组（8 - 18岁）以及体型瘦的对照组和肥胖对照组（8 - 11岁）完成了一项加权上台阶方案（每组6次，每条腿重复10次，每组间休息1分钟），该方案根据参与者的身高和去脂体重进行标准化。通过计算HRR值（HRRV = 测试结束时的心率与运动后30秒（HRRV30）和60秒（HRRV60）时心率的差值）来评估HRR。PWS组和肥胖组的HRRV30均小于体型瘦的组（两组均P < 0.01）。此外，PWS组的HRRV60小于体型瘦的组和肥胖组（两组均P = 0.01）。肥胖似乎会延迟抗阻运动后30秒内发生的早期副交感神经重新激活。然而，PWS组在60秒时持续的HRR延迟可能是由于副交感神经系统重新激活减弱、交感神经撤离延迟和/或心血管适应性差所致。
