Gambaryan Marine H, Shalnova Svetlana A, Deev Alexander D, Drapkina Oxana M
Federal State Institution National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow 101990, Russia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jul 26;14(8):841. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080841.
The aim of the study is to investigate the epidemiological situation regarding chronic respiratory diseases in populations that inhabit different climatic-geographical regions of Russia, and to develop targeted programs for prevention of these diseases.
(1) a comparative analysis of the standardized mortality data in Russia and other selected regions of the Russian North using the European standard for respiratory diseases, in a population aged 25-64; and (2) data from a randomized cross-sectional epidemiological study, with subjects from three different climatic-geographical regions of Russia.
(1) the respiratory disease-related mortality rates in the majority of Russian Northern regions were much higher compared to the national average. Although death rates from chronic lower respiratory diseases were higher among the Northern regions and in the whole of Russia relative to the countries of European Union (EU), the cause of death in the populations of the Northern regions tend to be lower respiratory infections and pneumonia; and (2) despite the absence of any significant differences in the prevalence of smoking, the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases (COPD) is significantly higher in Far North Yakutsk compared to the other two regions in this study-Chelyabinsk and Vologda. The status of hyperborean had the highest chance of a significant contribution to COPD and cardiorespiratory pathology among all other risk factors. The results revealed a need for effective targeted strategies for primary and secondary prevention of chronic respiratory diseases for the populations of the Northern regions of Russia.
The revealed regional distinctions regarding the prevalence of, and mortality from, chronic respiratory diseases should be taken into consideration when designing integrated programs for chronic non-communicable disease prevention in these regions.
本研究旨在调查居住在俄罗斯不同气候地理区域人群中的慢性呼吸道疾病流行病学情况，并制定针对性的疾病预防计划。
（1）采用欧洲呼吸系统疾病标准，对俄罗斯及俄罗斯北部其他选定地区25 - 64岁人群的标准化死亡率数据进行比较分析；（2）来自一项随机横断面流行病学研究的数据，研究对象来自俄罗斯三个不同的气候地理区域。
（1）俄罗斯北部大多数地区与呼吸系统疾病相关的死亡率远高于全国平均水平。尽管相对于欧盟国家，俄罗斯北部地区和整个俄罗斯慢性下呼吸道疾病的死亡率较高，但北部地区人群的主要死因往往是下呼吸道感染和肺炎；（2）尽管吸烟率没有显著差异，但与本研究中的其他两个地区车里雅宾斯克和沃洛格达相比，远北地区的雅库茨克慢性呼吸道疾病（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）患病率显著更高。在所有其他风险因素中，极地状态对慢性阻塞性肺疾病和心肺病理的显著影响几率最高。结果表明，需要为俄罗斯北部地区人群制定有效的慢性呼吸道疾病一级和二级预防针对性策略。
在为这些地区设计慢性非传染性疾病综合预防计划时，应考虑到所揭示的慢性呼吸道疾病患病率和死亡率的区域差异。
