Yang Qiang, Wang Lai-Xi
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
Methods Enzymol. 2017;597:265-281. doi: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.006. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
N-glycosylation plays important roles in modulating the biological functions of glycoproteins, such as protein folding, stability, and immunogenicity. However, acquiring homogeneous glycoforms of glycoproteins has been a challenging task for functional studies and therapeutic applications. In this chapter, we describe an efficient chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling protocol for making homogeneous glycoproteins that involves enzymatic deglycosylation and subsequent reglycosylation procedures. Two therapeutic glycoproteins, Herceptin (trastuzumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody) and erythropoietin (EPO, a glycoprotein hormone), were chosen as the model systems. The detailed protocol includes the deglycosylation of the Herceptin or EPO with a wild-type endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, to remove the heterogeneous N-glycans, leading to the GlcNAc-protein or Fucα1,6GlcNAc-protein intermediate. Then desired homogeneous N-glycans are attached to the acceptor by using an activated sugar oxazoline as the donor substrate and a specific glycosynthase (mutant of endoglycosidase) as the catalyst to reconstitute a homogeneous glycoform. Using this approach, Herceptin was remodeled to an afucosylated complex glycoform and a ManGlcNAc glycoform, with the former showing significantly enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. EPO was engineered to carry azide-tagged ManGlcNAc glycans that could be further modified via click chemistry to introduce other functional groups.
N-糖基化在调节糖蛋白的生物学功能中发挥着重要作用,如蛋白质折叠、稳定性和免疫原性。然而,获得糖蛋白的均一糖型一直是功能研究和治疗应用中的一项具有挑战性的任务。在本章中,我们描述了一种高效的化学酶法聚糖重塑方案,用于制备均一糖蛋白,该方案涉及酶促去糖基化和随后的再糖基化过程。选择两种治疗性糖蛋白,赫赛汀(曲妥珠单抗,一种治疗性单克隆抗体)和促红细胞生成素(EPO,一种糖蛋白激素)作为模型系统。详细方案包括用野生型内切β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶对赫赛汀或EPO进行去糖基化,以去除异质N-聚糖,生成GlcNAc-蛋白或Fucα1,6GlcNAc-蛋白中间体。然后,通过使用活化的糖恶唑啉作为供体底物和特定的糖基合酶(内切糖苷酶突变体)作为催化剂,将所需的均一N-聚糖连接到受体上,以重建均一糖型。使用这种方法,赫赛汀被重塑为无岩藻糖基化的复合糖型和ManGlcNAc糖型,前者显示出显著增强的抗体依赖性细胞毒性。EPO经过工程改造,携带叠氮标记的ManGlcNAc聚糖,可通过点击化学进一步修饰以引入其他功能基团。