GEI Consultants, Exton, PA, USA.
GroundH2O Plus Ltd, Birmingham, UK; University of Strathclyde, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Glasgow, UK.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Dec 15;204(Pt 2):748-756. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.08.015. Epub 2017 Sep 19.
The goal of the paper is to highlight the management of the complexities and risks for light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) sites, and how the Illustrated Handbook of LNAPL Transport and Fate in the Subsurface (CL:AIRE, London. ISBN 978-1-905046-24-9. http://www.claire.co.uk/LNAPL; "LNAPL illustrated handbook") is useful guidance and a tool for professionals to understand these complexities and risks. The LNAPL illustrated handbook provides a clear and concise best-practice guidance document, which is a valuable decision support tool for use in discussions and negotiations regarding LNAPL impacted sites with respect to the risks of LNAPL. The LNAPL illustrated handbook is a user-friendly overview of the nature of LNAPL contamination in various geological settings including unconsolidated, consolidated, and fractured rock environments to best understand its fate and behavior leading to the appropriate management and/or remedial approach of the two major risks associated with a LNAPL source. As a source term, LNAPL has chemicals that form dissolved- and vapor-phase plumes, which are referred to as composition-based risks; and being a liquid there is the risk that the source may expand impacting a greater volume of the aquifer, which are referred to as saturation-based risks. There have been significant developments in recent years on the understanding of the complex behavior of LNAPL and associated groundwater and vapor plumes; however, the state of practice has often lagged these improvements in knowledge. The LNAPL illustrated handbook aids the site investigator, site owners, and regulators to understand these risks, and understand how these risks behave through better conceptual understanding of LNAPL transport and fate in the subsurface.
本文旨在强调轻非水相液体（LNAPL）场地的复杂性和风险的管理，以及《地下轻非水相液体运移和归宿实例手册》（CL:AIRE，伦敦，ISBN 978-1-905046-24-9，http://www.claire.co.uk/LNAPL；“LNAPL 实例手册”）是如何为专业人员提供理解这些复杂性和风险的有用指导和工具。《LNAPL 实例手册》提供了一份清晰简洁的最佳实践指南文件，是讨论和协商 LNAPL 污染场地风险时的宝贵决策支持工具，涉及 LNAPL 的风险。《LNAPL 实例手册》是一份通俗易懂的概述，介绍了 LNAPL 在各种地质环境中的污染特性，包括非固结、固结和断裂岩石环境，以更好地了解其运移和行为，从而采取适当的管理和/或补救方法，应对与 LNAPL 源相关的两个主要风险。作为一个源项，LNAPL 含有形成溶解相和气相羽流的化学物质，这被称为基于成分的风险；而且作为液体，存在源扩展并影响更大体积含水层的风险，这被称为基于饱和度的风险。近年来，人们对 LNAPL 及其相关地下水和气相羽流的复杂行为有了重大的认识进展，但实践状态往往滞后于知识的这些改进。《LNAPL 实例手册》有助于场地调查员、场地所有者和监管机构了解这些风险，并通过对地下 LNAPL 运移和归宿的更好概念理解，了解这些风险的行为方式。
