Wu Hui, Liu Gongguan, Shi Meiqing
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Division of Immunology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
Front Immunol. 2017 Sep 7;8:1105. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01105. eCollection 2017.
African trypanosomes cause fatal infections in both humans and livestock. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) plays an essential role in resistance to African trypanosomes. However, increasing evidence suggests that IFN-γ, when excessively synthesized, also induces immunopathology, enhancing susceptibility to the infection. Thus, production of IFN-γ must be tightly regulated during infections with African trypanosomes to ensure that a robust immune response is elicited without tissue destruction. Early studies have shown that secretion of IFN-γ is downregulated by interleukin 10 (IL-10). More recently, IL-27 has been identified as a negative regulator of IFN-γ production during African trypanosome infections. In this review, we discuss the current state of our understanding of the role of IFN-γ in African trypanosome infections. We have focused on the cellular source of IFN-γ, its beneficial and detrimental effects, and mechanisms involved in regulation of its production, highlighting some recent advances and offering some perspectives on future directions.
非洲锥虫会导致人类和牲畜患上致命感染。干扰素γ（IFN-γ）在抵抗非洲锥虫方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，越来越多的证据表明，IFN-γ在过度合成时也会诱发免疫病理学，增加对感染的易感性。因此，在感染非洲锥虫期间，必须严格调控IFN-γ的产生，以确保引发强大的免疫反应而不造成组织破坏。早期研究表明，白细胞介素10（IL-10）会下调IFN-γ的分泌。最近，IL-27已被确定为非洲锥虫感染期间IFN-γ产生的负调节因子。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对IFN-γ在非洲锥虫感染中作用的理解现状。我们重点关注了IFN-γ的细胞来源、其有益和有害影响以及调节其产生的机制，突出了一些最新进展并对未来方向提出了一些观点。
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