Cao Yun, Gu Rui, Zhao Ming-Ming, Ma Yu-Ying, Zhong Shi-Hong, Rang Jian, Mi Peng
School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM), Chengdu 611137, China.
School of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Chengdu 611137, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016 Dec;41(24):4663-4669. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20162428.
In this article the classics textual research to the origin of "Zha-xun" was carried out, the ethnobotanical research methods, the origin of visits, key informant interviews, sample collection and textual research were applied in the research. The results showed that the hypothesis of Zha-xun"s origin mainly included "source of mine", "source of feces", "source of monkey menstrual blood" in China. There were "source of fossil", "source of the plant secretion" abroad. The authors had interviewed the villagers at origin, herbalists, Tibetan doctors, herb dealers, foreign scholars for a total of 18 people, and collecting 45 batches medicinal materials. According to ancient Tibetan classics textual and Tibetan medicine doctors' views, medicinal materials were divided into the genuine and the substitutes. The genuine was identified as ancient so-called "iron" type "Zha-xun", and the substitute was fecal pellet bonding briquette. According to the field survey and literature research, "source of fossil" more in line with substance of Zha-xun was derived from the rock. As the results, the author believed that Zha-xun was the mixture of organic fossils from the rock seepage with flying squirrel, pika feces. So it is needed to be set up Zha-xun classification standard to evaluate the quality of medicinal materials. Meanwhile, it was necessary to further clarify fecal pellet substitute rationality. Above all, this article clarified the status of the use of Tibetan medicine-"Zha-xun", and laid the foundation of species systematics and quality standards research of "Zha-xun".
本文对“扎训”的来源进行了经典考证，研究中运用了民族植物学研究方法、实地走访溯源、关键人物访谈、样本采集及考证。结果表明，扎训来源的假说在国内主要有“矿石来源”“粪便来源”“猴经血来源”，在国外有“化石来源”“植物分泌物来源”。作者共采访了产地村民、草药商、藏医、药材经销商、外国学者等18人，采集了45批次药材。依据藏文古籍及藏医观点，药材分为正品与替代品。正品被认定为古代所谓“铁”类“扎训”，替代品为粪便粘结煤球。通过实地调查与文献研究，“化石来源”更符合扎训物质源于岩石的说法。结果显示，作者认为扎训是岩石渗出的有机化石与鼯鼠、鼠兔粪便的混合物。因此，需要制定扎训分类标准以评估药材质量。同时，有必要进一步阐明粪便替代品的合理性。总之，本文厘清了藏药“扎训”的使用状况，为“扎训”的物种系统学及质量标准研究奠定了基础。
