Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2017 Oct 5;130(19):2361-2374. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.215324.
Stem cell-based therapies are promising in regenerative medicine for protecting and repairing damaged brain tissues after injury or in the context of chronic diseases. Hypoxia can induce physiological and pathological responses. A hypoxic insult might act as a double-edged sword, it induces cell death and brain damage, but on the other hand, sublethal hypoxia can trigger an adaptation response called hypoxic preconditioning or hypoxic tolerance that is of immense importance for the survival of cells and tissues.
This review was based on articles published in PubMed databases up to August 16, 2017, with the following keywords: "stem cells," "hypoxic preconditioning," "ischemic preconditioning," and "cell transplantation."
Original articles and critical reviews on the topics were selected.
Hypoxic preconditioning has been investigated as a primary endogenous protective mechanism and possible treatment against ischemic injuries. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of hypoxic preconditioning have been identified.
In cell transplantation therapy, hypoxic pretreatment of stem cells and neural progenitors markedly increases the survival and regenerative capabilities of these cells in the host environment, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects in various disease models. Regenerative treatments can mobilize endogenous stem cells for neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the adult brain. Furthermore, transplantation of stem cells/neural progenitors achieves therapeutic benefits via cell replacement and/or increased trophic support. Combinatorial approaches of cell-based therapy with additional strategies such as neuroprotective protocols, anti-inflammatory treatment, and rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve therapeutic benefits. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress regarding cell types and applications in regenerative medicine as well as future applications.
在再生医学中，基于干细胞的疗法在保护和修复损伤或慢性疾病后的受损脑组织方面具有广阔的应用前景。缺氧可以诱导生理和病理反应。缺氧刺激可能是一把双刃剑，它会导致细胞死亡和脑损伤，但另一方面，亚致死性缺氧可以引发一种适应反应，称为缺氧预处理或缺氧耐受，这对于细胞和组织的存活至关重要。
本综述基于截至 2017 年 8 月 16 日在 PubMed 数据库中发表的文章，使用的关键词有：“干细胞”“缺氧预处理”“缺血预处理”和“细胞移植”。
选择了关于这些主题的原始文章和评论性文章。
缺氧预处理已被研究作为一种主要的内源性保护机制，并可能作为治疗缺血损伤的方法。已经确定了缺氧预处理对细胞保护作用的许多细胞和分子机制。
在细胞移植治疗中，对干细胞和神经前体细胞进行缺氧预处理，显著提高了这些细胞在宿主环境中的存活和再生能力，从而增强了各种疾病模型中的治疗效果。再生治疗可以动员内源性干细胞进行神经发生和血管生成。此外，通过细胞替代和/或增加营养支持，移植干细胞/神经前体细胞可以实现治疗效果。细胞治疗与其他策略（如神经保护方案、抗炎治疗和康复治疗）的联合应用可以显著提高治疗效果。在本综述中，我们将讨论细胞类型和在再生医学中的应用以及未来应用的最新进展。
