Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
J Atten Disord. 2020 Nov;24(13):1928-1943. doi: 10.1177/1087054717730611. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
This study examined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) on major executive functions (EFs), including response inhibition, executive control, working memory (WM), and cognitive flexibility/task switching in ADHD. ADHD children received (a) left anodal/right cathodal DLPFC tDCS and (b) sham stimulation in Experiment 1 and (a) left anodal DLPFC/right cathodal OFC tDCS, (b) left cathodal DLPFC/right anodal OFC tDCS, and (c) sham stimulation in Experiment 2. The current intensity was 1 mA for 15 min with a 72-hr interval between sessions. Participants underwent Go/No-Go task, N-back test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Stroop task after each tDCS condition. Anodal left DLPFC tDCS most clearly affected executive control functions (e.g., WM, interference inhibition), while cathodal left DLPFC tDCS improved inhibitory control. Cognitive flexibility/task switching benefited from combined DLPFC-OFC, but not DLPFC stimulation alone. Task-specific stimulation protocols can improve EFs in ADHD.
本研究考察了经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）对背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）和眶额皮层（OFC）对多动症主要执行功能（EF）的影响，包括反应抑制、执行控制、工作记忆（WM）和认知灵活性/任务转换。在实验 1 中，ADHD 儿童接受了（a）左阳极/右阴极 DLPFC tDCS 和（b）假刺激，在实验 2 中接受了（a）左阳极 DLPFC/右阴极 OFC tDCS、（b）左阴极 DLPFC/右阳极 OFC tDCS 和（c）假刺激。电流强度为 1 mA，持续 15 分钟，两次治疗之间间隔 72 小时。参与者在每次 tDCS 后进行 Go/No-Go 任务、N 回测试、威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）和斯特鲁普任务。左 DLPFC 阳极 tDCS 最明显地影响执行控制功能（例如，WM、干扰抑制），而左 DLPFC 阴极 tDCS 改善了抑制控制。认知灵活性/任务转换受益于 DLPFC-OFC 的联合刺激，但 DLPFC 单独刺激则没有。特定任务的刺激方案可以改善 ADHD 的执行功能。
