Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Adv Clin Chem. 2017;82:199-264. doi: 10.1016/bs.acc.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Aug 8.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a combination of heterogeneous complex metabolic disorders that are associated with episodes of hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance occurring as a result of defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. The prevalence of DM is increasing at an alarming rate, and there exists a need to develop better therapeutics and prognostic markers for earlier detection and diagnosis. In this review, after giving a brief introduction of diabetes mellitus and microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis pathway, we first describe various in vitro and animal model systems that have been developed to study diabetes. Further, we elaborate on the significant roles played by miRNAs as regulators of gene expression in the context of development of diabetes and its secondary complications. The different approaches to quantify miRNAs and their potential to be used as therapeutic targets for alleviation of diabetes have also been discussed.
糖尿病（DM）是指一组异质性复杂代谢紊乱，与胰岛素分泌或作用缺陷导致的高血糖和葡萄糖耐量异常有关。DM 的患病率正在以惊人的速度增长，因此需要开发更好的治疗方法和预后标志物，以便更早地发现和诊断。在这篇综述中，在简要介绍糖尿病和 microRNA（miRNA）生物发生途径之后，我们首先描述了已经开发用于研究糖尿病的各种体外和动物模型系统。此外，我们详细阐述了 miRNA 作为基因表达调节剂在糖尿病及其继发并发症发生中的重要作用。我们还讨论了定量 miRNA 的不同方法及其作为缓解糖尿病的治疗靶点的潜力。
