Hermenean Anca, Gheorghiu Georgiana, Stan Miruna Silvia, Herman Hildegard, Onita Bianca, Ardelean Doru Puiu, Ardelean Aurel, Braun Mihály, Zsuga Miklós, Kéki Sándor, Costache Marieta, Dinischiotu Anca
Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, 310414, Arad, Romania.
Ovidius University of Constanta, 124 Mamaia, 900527, Constanţa, Romania.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2017 Nov;73(4):607-618. doi: 10.1007/s00244-017-0450-5. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
Gills are major targets for acute metal toxicity in fish, due to their permanent contact with aquatic pollutants. To assess the effects of metals on gills of the Leuciscus cephalus (chub), fish individuals were collected from two sites in the Tur River, Romania, in upstream (site 1) and downstream (site 2) of a metal pollution source. Quantitative and hyperspectral analyses showed that Zn, Sr, and Fe concentrations were significantly higher in gills from site 2 compared with site 1. Malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products levels increased 17 and 28%, respectively, whereas reduced glutathione level diminished significantly in the gills of fish collected from site 2 compared to site 1. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase increased significantly at 41, 21, and 28%, respectively. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein levels, as well as the amount of DNA damage, were significantly increased for site 2 compared with site 1. The induced oxidative stress generated hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and inflammation in the epithelial cells and apoptosis. Hence, this could suggest that gill cells have tried to counteract the oxidative stress-induced DNA fragmentation by PCNA up-regulation, but the PCNA expression decreased on longer time due to the low level of GSH, resulting in apoptosis.
鳃是鱼类急性金属毒性的主要靶点，因为它们长期接触水生污染物。为了评估金属对欧洲圆腹雅罗鱼鳃的影响，从罗马尼亚图尔河的两个地点采集了鱼样本，一个位于金属污染源上游（地点1），另一个位于下游（地点2）。定量和高光谱分析表明，与地点1相比，地点2的鳃中锌、锶和铁的浓度显著更高。与地点1相比，地点2采集的鱼鳃中丙二醛和晚期氧化蛋白产物水平分别增加了17%和28%，而还原型谷胱甘肽水平显著降低。超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的活性分别显著增加了41%、21%和28%。与地点1相比，地点2的增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）蛋白水平以及DNA损伤量显著增加。诱导的氧化应激在上皮细胞中产生了增生、肥大和炎症以及细胞凋亡。因此，这可能表明鳃细胞试图通过上调PCNA来对抗氧化应激诱导的DNA片段化，但由于谷胱甘肽水平较低，PCNA表达在较长时间后下降，导致细胞凋亡。
