Henriksson O, Björnstig U, Saveman B-I, Lundgren P J
Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Center for Research and Development - Disaster Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017 Nov;61(10):1354-1360. doi: 10.1111/aas.13002. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
The aim of this study was to survey the current equipment used for prevention, treatment and monitoring of accidental hypothermia in Swedish pre-hospital services.
A questionnaire was sent to all road ambulance services (AS), the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS), the national helicopter search and rescue service (SAR) and the municipal rescue services (RS) in Sweden to determine the availability of insulation, active warming, fluid heating, and low-reading thermometers.
The response rate was 77% (n = 255). All units carried woollen or polyester blankets for basic insulation. Specific windproof insulation materials were common in the HEMS, SAR and RS units but only present in about half of the AS units. Active warming equipment was present in all the SAR units, but only in about two-thirds of the HEMS units and about one-third of the AS units. About half of the RS units had the ability to provide a heated tent or container. Low-reading thermometers were present in less than half of the AS and HEMS units and were non-existent in the SAR units. Pre-warmed intravenous fluids were carried by almost all of the AS units and half of the HEMS units but infusion heaters were absent in most units.
Basic insulation capabilities are well established in the Swedish pre-hospital services. Specific wind and waterproof insulation materials, active warming devices, low-reading thermometers and IV fluid heating systems are less common. We suggest the development and implementation of national guidelines on accidental hypothermia that include basic recommendations on equipment requirements.
本研究旨在调查瑞典院前急救服务中用于预防、治疗和监测意外低温的现有设备。
向瑞典所有公路救护车服务（AS）、直升机紧急医疗服务（HEMS）、国家直升机搜索和救援服务（SAR）以及市政救援服务（RS）发送问卷，以确定保温、主动升温、液体加热和低读数温度计的配备情况。
回复率为77%（n = 255）。所有单位都配备了羊毛或聚酯毛毯用于基本保温。特定的防风保温材料在HEMS、SAR和RS单位中很常见，但仅在约一半的AS单位中配备。主动升温设备在所有SAR单位中都有，但仅在约三分之二的HEMS单位和约三分之一的AS单位中有。约一半的RS单位有能力提供加热帐篷或容器。低读数温度计在不到一半的AS和HEMS单位中配备，而在SAR单位中不存在。几乎所有的AS单位和一半的HEMS单位都配备了预温的静脉输液，但大多数单位没有输液加热器。
瑞典院前急救服务中基本的保温能力已得到充分确立。特定的防风防水保温材料、主动升温设备、低读数温度计和静脉输液加热系统则不太常见。我们建议制定并实施关于意外低温的国家指南，其中包括关于设备要求的基本建议。
