Mizuta Akiko, Okada Eisaku, Nakamura Mieko, Yamaguchi Hisayoshi, Ojima Toshiyuki
Department of Community Health Nursing, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2018 Apr;15(2):156-166. doi: 10.1111/jjns.12182. Epub 2017 Sep 20.
To examine the association between the types of involvement in bullying and the time perspective among Japanese adolescents.
A questionnaire was conducted among Japanese junior high school students at eight public schools that were located in two cities in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Shirai's Experiential Time Perspective Scale was used, which comprises four subscales: goal-directedness, hopefulness, self-fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. An analysis of covariance was applied, with the time-perspective subscales as the objective variable, type of involvement in bullying as a fixed factor, and grade, family structure, and economic status as the covariates.
The analysis sample included 2630 adolescents (valid response rate: 88.6%). The bullying rate of the boys was 10.8% and 4.1% for the girls, for the male victims it was 10.1% and 14.5% for the female victims, and for both the bully and the victim, it was 8.5% and 5.4%, respectively. The students who were not involved in bullying had the highest scores of hopefulness, self-fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. For both sexes, bullying was significantly associated with hopefulness, self-fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. Goal-directedness was not associated with the type of involvement in bullying.
The victims of bullying had low time perspectives of hopefulness, self-fulfillment, and acceptance of the past. Providing support that increases hopefulness, self-fulfillment, and acceptance of the past might help to prevent pessimistic decision-making, such as that seen in cases of suicide.
探讨日本青少年中欺凌行为的参与类型与时间观念之间的关联。
对日本静冈县两个城市的八所公立初中的学生进行问卷调查。使用了白井的经验性时间观念量表，该量表包括四个子量表：目标导向性、希望感、自我实现和对过去的接纳。应用协方差分析，将时间观念子量表作为客观变量，欺凌行为的参与类型作为固定因素，年级、家庭结构和经济状况作为协变量。
分析样本包括2630名青少年（有效回复率：88.6%）。男孩的欺凌率为10.8%，女孩为4.1%；男性受害者的比率为10.1%，女性受害者为14.5%；既是欺凌者又是受害者的比率分别为8.5%和5.4%。未参与欺凌行为的学生在希望感、自我实现和对过去的接纳方面得分最高。对于两性而言，欺凌行为与希望感、自我实现和对过去的接纳均显著相关。目标导向性与欺凌行为的参与类型无关。
欺凌行为的受害者在希望感、自我实现和对过去的接纳方面的时间观念较低。提供能增强希望感、自我实现和对过去的接纳的支持，可能有助于防止出现如自杀案例中所见的悲观决策。
