United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
Institute of Child Developmental Science Research, Shizuoka, Japan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019 Sep;73(9):551-559. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12864. Epub 2019 Jun 11.
The present study aimed at developing a novel scale, the Japan Ijime Scale (JaIS), to measure bullying in Japan with substantial reliability and validity, with which we estimated the prevalence of bullying among children and adolescents of school age.
The JaIS is a self-report questionnaire and consists of three parts: subscales measuring victimization and witnessing, and an item measuring perpetration. To test the reliability and validity of the two subscales, the authors analyzed responses to the JaIS from 2334 school students (Grades 4-9) in six elementary and three junior high schools in a middle-sized industrial city in central Japan, using exploratory factor analysis, item response theory, and examination of the external validity of the items. The prevalence of bullying victimization, witnessing, and perpetration was estimated.
Item response theory models revealed that both the Victimization and Witness subscales have sufficient discrimination power and measurement precision, and the external validity of each scale has been confirmed. Using the JaIS, we found that 35.8% of students had been victims of bullying every 2-3 months (27.6% were solely victims and 8.3% were bully/victims), 32.8% had witnessed some type of bullying act, and 11.8% had perpetrated some type of bullying (3.5% as perpetrators, and 8.3% as bully/victims).
The JaIS is a reliable and valid measure. Using this scale, we found a high prevalence of bullying victimization in Japanese schools.
本研究旨在开发一种新的量表，即日本欺凌量表（JaIS），以衡量日本欺凌行为的可靠性和有效性，并用其估计学龄儿童和青少年的欺凌发生率。
JaIS 是一种自我报告问卷，由三个部分组成：测量受害和目击的分量表，以及一个衡量施害的项目。为了测试这两个分量表的信度和效度，作者对日本中部一个中等工业城市的六所小学和三所初中的 2334 名学生（4 至 9 年级）的 JaIS 回答进行了分析，使用探索性因素分析、项目反应理论和检验项目的外部有效性。估计了欺凌受害、目击和施害的发生率。
项目反应理论模型表明，受害和目击两个分量表都具有足够的区分力和测量精度，每个量表的外部有效性都得到了确认。使用 JaIS，我们发现 35.8%的学生每 2-3 个月就会成为欺凌的受害者（27.6%是单纯的受害者，8.3%是欺凌/受害者），32.8%的学生目击过某种形式的欺凌行为，11.8%的学生实施过某种形式的欺凌行为（3.5%是施害者，8.3%是欺凌/受害者）。
JaIS 是一种可靠有效的测量工具。使用这个量表，我们发现日本学校的欺凌受害率很高。
