Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute & Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Dev Neurobiol. 2018 Feb;78(2):93-107. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22539. Epub 2017 Sep 30.
The CNS is extremely responsive to an ever-changing environment. Studies of neural circuit plasticity focus almost exclusively on functional and structural changes of neuronal synapses. In recent years, however, myelin plasticity has emerged as a potential modulator of neuronal networks. Myelination of previously unmyelinated axons and changes in the structure of myelin on already-myelinated axons (similar to changes in internode number and length or myelin thickness or geometry of the nodal area) can in theory have significant effects on the function of neuronal networks. In this article, the authors review the current evidence for myelin changes occurring in the adult CNS, highlight some potential underlying mechanisms of how neuronal activity may regulate myelin changes, and explore the similarities between neuronal and myelin plasticity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 93-107, 2018.
中枢神经系统对不断变化的环境极为敏感。神经回路可塑性的研究几乎完全集中在神经元突触的功能和结构变化上。然而，近年来，髓鞘可塑性已成为神经元网络的潜在调节剂。未髓鞘化轴突的髓鞘化和已经髓鞘化轴突的髓鞘结构的变化（类似于节间数和长度或髓鞘厚度或节点区域的几何形状的变化）理论上可以对神经元网络的功能产生重大影响。在本文中，作者综述了成年中枢神经系统中髓鞘变化的现有证据，强调了神经元活动可能调节髓鞘变化的一些潜在机制，并探讨了神经元和髓鞘可塑性之间的相似性。© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 发育神经生物学 78:93-107, 2018.
