MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MS Society Edinburgh Centre for MS Research, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom.
Dev Neurobiol. 2018 Feb;78(2):68-79. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22518. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
The concept of adaptive myelination-myelin plasticity regulated by activity-is an important advance for the field. What signals set up the adaptable pattern in the first place? Here we review work that demonstrates an intrinsic pathway within oligodendrocytes requiring only an axon-shaped substrate to generate multilayered and compacted myelin sheaths of a physiological length. Based on this, we discuss a model we proposed in 2015 which argues that myelination has two phases-intrinsic and then adaptive-which together generate "smart wiring," in which active axons become more myelinated. This model explains why prior studies have failed to identify a signal necessary for central nervous system myelination and argues that myelination, like synapses, might contribute to learning by the activity-dependent modification of an initially hard-wired pattern. © 2017 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 68-79, 2018.
髓鞘形成的适应性——由活动调节的髓磷脂可塑性，是该领域的一个重要进展。那么，是什么信号首先建立了这种适应性模式呢？在这里，我们回顾了一些工作，这些工作表明，少突胶质细胞内存在一种内在途径，仅需一个轴突状底物即可生成具有生理长度的多层且致密的髓鞘。基于此，我们讨论了我们在 2015 年提出的一个模型，该模型认为髓鞘形成有两个阶段——内在阶段和适应性阶段——共同产生“智能布线”，使活跃的轴突得到更多髓鞘的包裹。该模型解释了为什么先前的研究未能确定中枢神经系统髓鞘形成所必需的信号，并认为髓鞘形成与突触一样，可能通过对最初的固有模式的活性依赖性修饰来促进学习。© 2017 作者。发育神经生物学 由 Wiley 期刊出版公司出版 发展神经生物学 78:68-79,2018。
