Stefaniak A B, LeBouf R F, Duling M G, Yi J, Abukabda A B, McBride C R, Nurkiewicz T R
Toxicology Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2017 Nov 15;335:1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.016. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Fused deposition modeling (FDM™), or three-dimensional (3D) printing has become routine in industrial, occupational and domestic environments. We have recently reported that 3D printing emissions (3DPE) are complex mixtures, with a large ultrafine particulate matter component. Additionally, we and others have reported that inhalation of xenobiotic particles in this size range is associated with an array of cardiovascular dysfunctions. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 3DPE aerosols via nose-only exposure for ~3h. Twenty-four hours later, intravital microscopy was performed to assess microvascular function in the spinotrapezius muscle. Endothelium-dependent and -independent arteriolar dilation were stimulated by local microiontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). At the time of experiments, animals exposed to 3DPE inhalation presented with a mean arterial pressure of 125±4mmHg, and this was significantly higher than that for the sham-control group (94±3mmHg). Consistent with this pressor response in the 3DPE group, was an elevation of ~12% in resting arteriolar tone. Endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation was significantly impaired after 3DPE inhalation across all iontophoretic ejection currents (0-27±15%, compared to sham-control: 15-120±21%). Endothelium-independent dilation was not affected by 3DPE inhalation. These alterations in peripheral microvascular resistance and reactivity are consistent with elevations in arterial pressure that follow 3DPE inhalation. Future studies must identify the specific toxicants generated by FDM™ that drive this acute pressor response.
熔融沉积成型（FDM™），即三维（3D）打印，在工业、职业和家庭环境中已变得十分常见。我们最近报道称，3D打印排放物（3DPE）是复杂的混合物，含有大量超细颗粒物成分。此外，我们和其他研究人员都曾报道，吸入这种粒径范围内的外源性颗粒与一系列心血管功能障碍有关。将斯普拉格-道利大鼠通过仅经鼻暴露的方式暴露于3DPE气溶胶中约3小时。24小时后，进行活体显微镜检查以评估斜方肌的微血管功能。通过乙酰胆碱（ACh）和硝普钠（SNP）的局部微量离子电渗法刺激内皮依赖性和非依赖性小动脉扩张。在实验时，吸入3DPE的动物平均动脉压为125±4mmHg，这显著高于假手术对照组（94±3mmHg）。与3DPE组的这种升压反应一致的是，静息小动脉张力升高了约12%。在所有离子电渗喷射电流下，吸入3DPE后内皮依赖性小动脉扩张均显著受损（0 - 27±15%，而假手术对照组为15 - 120±21%）。吸入3DPE对外皮非依赖性扩张没有影响。外周微血管阻力和反应性的这些改变与吸入3DPE后动脉压升高一致。未来的研究必须确定FDM™产生的导致这种急性升压反应的特定有毒物质。
