Oliveira Anderson Souza, Silva Priscila Brito, Lund Morten Enemark, Farina Dario, Kersting Uwe Gustav
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Nov;47(11):853-862. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2017.6980. Epub 2017 Sep 23.
Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Balance training may improve motor coordination. However, little is known about the changes in motor coordination during unexpected perturbations to postural control following balance training. Objectives To study the effects of balance training on motor coordination and knee mechanics during perturbed sidestep cutting maneuvers in healthy adults. Methods Twenty-six healthy men were randomly assigned to a training group or a control group. Before balance training, subjects performed unperturbed, 90° sidestep cutting maneuvers and 1 unexpected perturbed cut (10-cm translation of a movable platform). Participants in the training group participated in a 6-week balance training program, while those in the control group followed their regular activity schedule. Both groups were retested after a 6-week period. Surface electromyography was recorded from 16 muscles of the supporting limb and trunk, as well as kinematics and ground reaction forces. Motor modules were extracted from electromyography by nonnegative matrix factorization. External knee abduction moments were calculated using inverse dynamics equations. Results Balance training reduced the external knee abduction moment (33% ± 25%, P<.03, η = 0.725) and increased the activation of trunk and proximal hip muscles in specific motor modules during perturbed cutting. Balance training also increased burst duration for the motor module related to landing early in the perturbation phase (23% ± 11%, P<.01, η = 0.532). Conclusion Balance training resulted in altered motor coordination and a reduction in knee abduction moment during an unexpected perturbation. The previously reported reduction in injury incidence following balance training may be linked to changes in dynamic postural stability and modular neuromuscular control. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(11):853-862. Epub 23 Sep 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6980.
对照实验室研究。背景：平衡训练可能改善运动协调性。然而，对于平衡训练后姿势控制受到意外扰动时运动协调性的变化知之甚少。目的：研究平衡训练对健康成年人在受扰动侧步切入动作中运动协调性和膝关节力学的影响。方法：26名健康男性被随机分为训练组或对照组。在平衡训练前，受试者进行无扰动的90°侧步切入动作和1次意外扰动切入（可移动平台平移10厘米）。训练组参与者参加为期6周的平衡训练计划，而对照组参与者按照其正常活动安排进行。6周后两组均进行重新测试。记录支撑肢体和躯干的16块肌肉的表面肌电图，以及运动学和地面反作用力。通过非负矩阵分解从肌电图中提取运动模块。使用逆动力学方程计算膝关节外展力矩。结果：平衡训练降低了膝关节外展力矩（33%±25%，P<0.03，η=0.725），并在受扰动切入过程中增加了特定运动模块中躯干和近端髋部肌肉的激活。平衡训练还增加了与扰动阶段早期着地相关的运动模块的爆发持续时间（23%±11%，P<0.01，η=0.532）。结论：平衡训练导致运动协调性改变，并在意外扰动期间降低了膝关节外展力矩。先前报道的平衡训练后损伤发生率的降低可能与动态姿势稳定性和模块化神经肌肉控制的变化有关。《骨科与运动物理治疗杂志》2017年；47(11):853 - 862。2017年9月23日在线发表。doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6980
