RNA‑sequence analysis of samples from patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis.

The present study aimed to investigate idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), to gain insights on its pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic targets. Using RNA‑sequencing (seq), the present study investigated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in five samples from five idiopathic adhesive capsulitis patients and two samples from two acromioclavicular dislocation patients, without idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. The DEGs were analyzed using the following tools: Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways analysis and protein‑protein interaction analysis. A total of 188 DEGs were identified and it was observed that 150 of these were upregulated and 38 were downregulated. It was hypothesized that various nutrient associated proteins may be associated with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. The Matrix metalloproteinase family of proteins (MMPs), may exhibit a key role in the formation of abnormal collagen cross‑links. Overall, the comprehensive and detailed information collected in the present study, regarding idiopathic adhesive capsulitis, may provide a foundation on which in‑depth follow‑up experiments may be based, aimed at identifying novel strategies for treatment of this disease.