Morisaki Ichijiro
Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Care, Baika Women's University, Osaka, Japan.
Clin Calcium. 2017;27(10):1417-1425.
The field of special care dentistry is rapidly gaining recognition as a service that should be provided to the persons with physical, mental or intellectual disabilities by general practitioner, pediatric or geriatric dentists as well as dental hygienists. Because the oral healthcare and dental treatments are given in the narrow space of oral cavity and also accompanying technical difficulties with high risk of injury, the special needs patients are treated under being controlled their behavior or body motion by applying psychological, physical or pharmacological techniques. Those persons also manifest specific oral signs and symptoms such as dental caries, periodontal diseases as well as high incidence of dental hypoplasia, oro-facial trauma or drug-induced gingival overgrowth. The children with developmental disorders especially such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(AD/HD), or specific learning disorder(LD), and those with medical care needs at all times are also increasing relatively in Japan with declining birthrate. Those children have specific dental problems and require the special oral healthcare. This article presents the current status of oral healthcare for the persons with special needs.
特殊护理牙科领域正迅速得到认可，成为一项应由全科医生、儿科或老年牙医以及口腔保健员为身体、精神或智力残疾者提供的服务。由于口腔保健和牙科治疗是在口腔这个狭小空间内进行的，而且还伴随着技术难题以及高受伤风险，因此需要对特殊需求患者应用心理、物理或药理学技术来控制其行为或身体动作，从而进行治疗。这些人还表现出特定的口腔体征和症状，如龋齿、牙周疾病，以及牙釉质发育不全、口腔面部创伤或药物性牙龈增生的高发病率。在日本，随着出生率下降，患有发育障碍的儿童，尤其是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、注意力缺陷多动障碍（AD/HD）或特定学习障碍（LD）的儿童，以及那些随时需要医疗护理的儿童数量也在相对增加。这些儿童有特定的牙科问题，需要特殊的口腔保健。本文介绍了特殊需求人群口腔保健的现状。
