Leliveld Marijke C, Risselada Hans
Department of Marketing, University of Groningen, Nettelbosje 2, 9747 AE Groningen, Netherlands.
Sci Adv. 2017 Sep 20;3(9):e1700077. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1700077. eCollection 2017 Sep.
Despite the vast body of research on charitable giving and its drivers, no research has investigated the longitudinal dynamics of individual donation decisions. We analyzed unique data with nearly 300,000 real donation decisions made by more than 20,000 individuals for a period of 10 months. Each decision entailed a choice of what to do with money received for completing a survey (on average, €0.67 per survey): keep it or donate to charity. We found that most of the participants (89%) always chose to keep the money. Within the group of people who sometimes kept and sometimes donated the money (that is, Switchers), we find that people do not change their decision very often (cf. moral consistency). However, the likelihood of donating increases when people kept the money the previous time, and the amount at stake differs substantially (both positively and negatively). Finally, once Switchers donated, they are more likely to keep the money next time if they can earn more (for example, €2 now versus €0.50 last time), signaling moral compensation. These longitudinal data provide a first step to better understand charity donation decisions, not only in terms of a more nuanced description of decision-makers but also in terms of the dynamics of charity donations.
尽管关于慈善捐赠及其驱动因素已有大量研究,但尚无研究调查个人捐赠决策的纵向动态。我们分析了独特的数据,这些数据包含2万多人在10个月内做出的近30万个真实捐赠决策。每个决策都涉及如何处理完成一项调查所获得的金钱(平均每项调查0.67欧元):是保留还是捐赠给慈善机构。我们发现,大多数参与者(89%)总是选择保留这笔钱。在那些有时保留有时捐赠这笔钱的人群(即转换者)中,我们发现人们不会频繁改变他们的决策(参见道德一致性)。然而,当人们上一次保留了这笔钱时,捐赠的可能性会增加,而且涉及的金额差异很大(无论是正向还是负向)。最后,一旦转换者进行了捐赠,如果他们下次能挣得更多(例如,现在2欧元而上次0.5欧元),他们下次就更有可能保留这笔钱,这表明了道德补偿。这些纵向数据为更好地理解慈善捐赠决策迈出了第一步,不仅在于对决策者进行更细致入微的描述,还在于慈善捐赠的动态变化。