Seuntjens Terri G, Zeelenberg Marcel, van de Ven Niels, Breugelmans Seger M
Tilburg Institute for Behavioral Economics Research (TIBER) & Department of Social Psychology.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2015 Jun;108(6):917-933. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000031. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
Greed is an important motive: it is seen as both productive (a source of ambition; the motor of the economy) and destructive (undermining social relationships; the cause of the late 2000s financial crisis). However, relatively little is known about what greed is and does. This article reports on 5 studies that develop and test the 7-item Dispositional Greed Scale (DGS). Study 1 (including 4 separate samples from 2 different countries, total N = 6092) provides evidence for the construct and discriminant validity of the DGS in terms of positive correlations with maximization, self-interest, envy, materialism, and impulsiveness, and negative correlations with self-control and life satisfaction. Study 2 (N = 290) presents further evidence for discriminant validity, finding that the DGS predicts greedy behavioral tendencies over and above materialism. Furthermore, the DGS predicts economic behavior: greedy people allocate more money to themselves in dictator games (Study 3, N = 300) and ultimatum games (Study 4, N = 603), and take more in a resource dilemma (Study 5, N = 305). These findings shed light on what greed is and does, how people differ in greed, and how greed can be measured. In addition, they show the importance of greed in economic behavior and provide directions for future studies.
它既被视为具有建设性（野心的源泉；经济的驱动力），又被视为具有破坏性（破坏社会关系；21世纪末金融危机的起因）。然而，对于贪婪是什么以及会产生什么影响，我们所知相对较少。本文报告了5项研究，这些研究开发并测试了一个包含7个条目的倾向性贪婪量表（DGS）。研究1（包括来自2个不同国家的4个独立样本，样本总量N = 6092）为DGS的结构效度和区分效度提供了证据，具体表现为它与最大化、利己主义、嫉妒、物质主义和冲动性呈正相关，与自我控制和生活满意度呈负相关。研究2（N = 290）为区分效度提供了进一步的证据，发现DGS在预测贪婪行为倾向方面超过了物质主义。此外，DGS还能预测经济行为：贪婪的人在独裁者博弈（研究3，N = 300）和最后通牒博弈（研究4，N = 603）中会给自己分配更多的钱，并且在资源困境（研究5，N = 305）中会获取更多。这些发现揭示了贪婪是什么以及会产生什么影响，人们在贪婪程度上的差异，以及如何衡量贪婪。此外，它们还显示了贪婪在经济行为中的重要性，并为未来的研究提供了方向。
