Thiele H
Herzzentrum, Klinik für Innere Medizin/Kardiologie, Universität Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Herz. 2017 Dec;42(8):795-806. doi: 10.1007/s00059-017-4619-5.
This CME article addresses the pathophysiology, incidence, current survival outcome and treatment options for patients with cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. The shock spiral of left heart failure due to cardiac infarction, subsequent vasoconstriction and paradoxical vasodilation due to the systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) is a vicious circle which must be interrupted. Treatment focuses on the evidence from randomized clinical trials and the current guideline recommendations. With respect to interventional and surgical treatment the question of culprit lesion vs. complete revascularization is still unsolved. For medicinal treatment acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and heparin are more often supplemented with prasugrel and ticagrelor. In the case of inotropes, dobutamine remains the first-line treatment option and for vasopressors norepinephrine. The calcium sensitizer levosimendan has not provided the hoped for superiority over conventional treatment in randomized trials. The use of intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) is no longer recommended as circulatory support in acute heart failure (reduced to class III). The use of percutaneous implantable mechanical circulatory support devices has not shown a survival benefit in the few randomized trials carried out so far even when compared with IABP, due to increased bleeding complications.
本继续医学教育文章探讨了作为急性心肌梗死并发症的心源性休克患者的病理生理学、发病率、当前生存结局及治疗选择。心肌梗死导致左心衰竭的休克螺旋、随后因全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)引起的血管收缩及反常性血管舒张,是一个必须被打断的恶性循环。治疗重点基于随机临床试验证据及当前指南建议。关于介入和手术治疗,罪犯病变与完全血运重建的问题仍未解决。药物治疗方面,阿司匹林(ASA)和肝素常补充普拉格雷和替格瑞洛。在使用正性肌力药物时,多巴酚丁胺仍是一线治疗选择,而血管升压药则选择去甲肾上腺素。在随机试验中,钙增敏剂左西孟旦并未显示出优于传统治疗的效果。主动脉内球囊泵(IABP)作为急性心力衰竭循环支持的应用不再被推荐(降级为Ⅲ类)。到目前为止,在为数不多的随机试验中,经皮植入式机械循环支持装置即使与IABP相比,也未显示出生存获益,因为出血并发症增加。