Jandíková H, Dušková M, Stárka L
Third Medical Department - First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Physiol Res. 2017 Sep 26;66(Suppl 3):S323-S331. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.933724.
Smoking is the most widespread substance dependence in the world. Nicotine and some other components of the cigarette smoke cause various endocrine imbalances, and have negative effects on pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, testicular and ovarian functions. Here, we examined studies that describe the influence of smoking and smoking cessation on the male and female reproductive systems. We also focused on studies providing an account of differences in cessation success rates between men and women. In men, the most common effects associated with smoking are erectile dysfunction and decreasing spermiogram quality. Several groups have studied the effects of cigarette smoking on testosterone levels in men. However, the results have been conflicting. In women, nicotine has an anti-estrogen effect and increases the ratio of androgens to estrogens throughout life. Beside nicotine, other cigarette toxins also cause dysregulation of reproductive and hormonal system, and essentially influence the probability of a successful pregnancy not only in cases of assisted reproduction but also in healthy women. Tobacco addiction is one of the forms of addiction that are generally thought to be different for men and for women. Women are less successful than men in quitting smoking, and nicotine replacement therapy is less effective in female smokers. We also summarize recent studies that have indicated possible reasons.
吸烟是世界上最普遍的物质依赖形式。尼古丁和香烟烟雾中的其他一些成分会导致各种内分泌失调，对垂体、甲状腺、肾上腺、睾丸和卵巢功能产生负面影响。在此，我们研究了描述吸烟及戒烟对男性和女性生殖系统影响的研究。我们还重点关注了说明男女戒烟成功率差异的研究。在男性中，与吸烟相关的最常见影响是勃起功能障碍和精子质量下降。有几个研究小组研究了吸烟对男性睾酮水平的影响。然而，结果相互矛盾。在女性中，尼古丁具有抗雌激素作用，并在一生中增加雄激素与雌激素的比例。除尼古丁外，其他香烟毒素也会导致生殖和激素系统失调，不仅在辅助生殖情况下，而且在健康女性中，都会对成功怀孕的概率产生实质性影响。烟草成瘾是一种通常被认为男女有别的成瘾形式。女性戒烟比男性更难成功，尼古丁替代疗法对女性吸烟者的效果也较差。我们还总结了最近表明可能原因的研究。
