Lappé Martine
Center for Research on Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic and Behavioral Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Soc Stud Sci. 2016 Oct;46(5):675-700. doi: 10.1177/0306312716659372. Epub 2016 Aug 20.
Research on autism and environmental risk factors has expanded substantially in recent years. My analysis draws attention to the regimes of perceptibility that shape how the environment is materialized in post-genomic science. I focus on how more complex narratives of autism's causes and social anxieties surrounding child development have helped situate autism risk in women's bodies before and during pregnancy. This has resulted in what I call the maternal body as environment in autism science. I show that this figure involves three characteristics: the molecularization of the environment, an individualization of risk, and the internalization of responsibility. I argue that these three features point to a new spatial and temporal politics of risk and responsibility that may heighten social and medical surveillance of women's bodies and decisions, eclipsing larger questions about the uneven distribution of exposures in society and more holistic understandings of health that include neurodiversity. I conclude by considering what the maternal body as environment signals for women, social justice, and the politics of environmental health in the post-genomic era.
近年来，关于自闭症与环境风险因素的研究有了大幅扩展。我的分析关注的是那些塑造环境在后基因组科学中如何物质化的可感知性机制。我着重探讨自闭症成因的更复杂叙述以及围绕儿童发育的社会焦虑如何在孕期前后将自闭症风险定位在女性身体上。这就产生了我所谓的自闭症科学中作为环境的母体身体。我指出这个概念包含三个特征：环境的分子化、风险的个体化以及责任的内化。我认为这三个特征指向了一种新的风险与责任的时空政治，这种政治可能会加强对女性身体及决策的社会和医学监督，从而使关于社会中暴露分布不均的更大问题以及包括神经多样性在内的更全面的健康理解黯然失色。最后，我思考了作为环境的母体身体对后基因组时代的女性、社会正义以及环境健康政治意味着什么。
