Manell Elin, Jensen-Waern Marianne, Hedenqvist Patricia
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Lab Anim. 2017 Oct;51(5):509-517. doi: 10.1177/0023677216682773. Epub 2016 Dec 15.
Pigs are commonly used in diabetes research due to their many physiological similarities to humans. They are especially useful in imaging procedures because of their large size. However, to achieve imaging procedures the pig must lie completely still, and thus needs to be anaesthetized. Most anaesthetic drugs used in laboratory animals affect carbohydrate metabolism by the inhibition of insulin release. The aim of this pilot study was primarily to develop an anaesthetic protocol for pigs that did not have an effect on blood glucose levels throughout the 3 h of anaesthesia; and secondly, to evaluate the most promising protocol in combination with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Two anaesthetic protocols were used in four growing pigs. Intravenous propofol infusion caused hyperglycaemia in three out of four pigs within 5-10 min after induction and was therefore excluded. Intravenous infusion with tiletamine, zolazepam and butorphanol (TZB) for 3 h did not affect blood glucose levels. The pigs underwent OGTT twice, once without anaesthesia and once with TZB induction after glucose intake. Anaesthesia during OGTT resulted in a lower area under the curve (AUC) of glucose ( P < 0.05), higher AUC of glucagon ( P < 0.05) and an insulin response less than 10% of that during OGTT without anaesthesia. In conclusion, long-term infusion anaesthesia with TZB does not affect glucose homeostasis in pigs. However, the protocol is not effective when combined with OGTT, as glucose, insulin and glucagon levels are affected.
由于猪在生理上与人类有许多相似之处，因此常用于糖尿病研究。由于其体型较大，它们在成像程序中特别有用。然而，为了进行成像程序，猪必须完全静止不动，因此需要麻醉。大多数用于实验动物的麻醉药物通过抑制胰岛素释放来影响碳水化合物代谢。这项初步研究的目的主要是为猪制定一种在整个3小时麻醉过程中对血糖水平没有影响的麻醉方案；其次，结合口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）评估最有前景的方案。在四只生长猪中使用了两种麻醉方案。静脉注射丙泊酚在诱导后5-10分钟内导致四只猪中的三只出现高血糖，因此被排除。静脉输注替来他明、唑拉西泮和布托啡诺（TZB）3小时不影响血糖水平。猪进行了两次OGTT，一次在未麻醉的情况下，一次在摄入葡萄糖后用TZB诱导。OGTT期间的麻醉导致葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC）降低（P<0.05），胰高血糖素AUC升高（P<0.05），胰岛素反应小于未麻醉时OGTT期间的10%。总之，TZB长期输注麻醉不影响猪的葡萄糖稳态。然而，当与OGTT联合使用时，该方案无效，因为葡萄糖、胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平会受到影响。
