Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Neuropsychol. 2019 Mar;13(1):96-120. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12135. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
Tests of everyday action semantics were developed and piloted in a group of healthy adults (n = 53) and then administered to individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 17) or Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD; n = 20). Relations between everyday action knowledge and everyday function were explored. Three action semantic tests were developed: Probe Test - 45 forced-choice questions regarding task sequences, objects, and steps; Picture Sequencing Test - sequential ordering of 4-5 cards depicting task steps; Script Test - open-ended verbal description of the steps required to complete everyday tasks. Cognitive tests, informant reports of functioning, and the Naturalistic Action Test (NAT), a performance-based test of function, also were administered to AD and PDD participants. NAT performance was scored for omission (failure to complete steps) and commission (inaccurate performance of step) errors. The AD and PDD groups performed worse than healthy participants on all action semantic tasks. AD and PDD groups significantly differed on only the Script Test - AD participants generated fewer correct steps. Performance on each of the action semantic tests significantly correlated with NAT omission errors. Only the Sequencing Test significantly predicted omissions, commissions, and informant report of everyday functioning. In sum, task knowledge is associated with omissions in everyday tasks and is impaired in both AD and PDD. The ability to accurately sequence task steps is associated with multiple aspects of everyday function and may be easily assessed with picture arrangement.
日常动作语义测试在一组健康成年人（n=53）中进行了开发和试点，然后在阿尔茨海默病（AD；n=17）或帕金森病痴呆（PDD；n=20）患者中进行了测试。探讨了日常动作知识与日常功能之间的关系。开发了三个动作语义测试：探针测试——45 个关于任务序列、对象和步骤的强制选择问题；图片排序测试——对描绘任务步骤的 4-5 张卡片进行顺序排序；脚本测试——用言语描述完成日常任务所需的步骤。还向 AD 和 PDD 参与者提供了认知测试、功能的知情者报告以及基于绩效的自然动作测试（NAT）。对 NAT 表现进行评分，以记录遗漏（未能完成步骤）和失误（步骤执行不准确）错误。AD 和 PDD 组在所有动作语义任务上的表现均不如健康参与者。AD 和 PDD 组仅在脚本测试上存在显著差异——AD 参与者生成的正确步骤较少。每项动作语义测试的表现均与 NAT 遗漏错误显著相关。仅排序测试显著预测遗漏、失误和日常功能的知情者报告。总之，任务知识与日常任务中的遗漏有关，并且在 AD 和 PDD 中均受损。准确排序任务步骤的能力与日常功能的多个方面相关，并且可以通过图片排列轻松评估。
