中国北京一项基于人群的大型调查：老年人和年轻人季节性流感疫苗接种的相关因素
Factors associated with the uptake of seasonal influenza vaccination in older and younger adults: a large, population-based survey in Beijing, China.
作者信息
Wu Shuangsheng, Su Jianting, Yang Peng, Zhang Haiyan, Li Hongjun, Chu Yanhui, Hua Weiyu, Li Chao, Tang Yaqing, Wang Quanyi
机构信息
Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 25;7(9):e017459. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017459.
OBJECTIVES
The present study aimed to estimate the influenza vaccination coverage rate in Beijing, China, and identify its determinants in older and younger adults.
METHODS
A survey was conducted among Chinese adults using a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire in May-June 2015. The main outcome was seasonal influenza vaccination uptake. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to identify factors associated with uptake.
RESULTS
A total of 7106 participants completed the questionnaire. The overall coverage rate was 20.6% (95% CI 19.7% to 21.5%) in the 2014/2015 influenza season. Lower education (older adults: OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.1; younger adults: OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6), having a chronic illness (older adults: OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.4; younger adults: OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.7) and recommendations from healthcare workers (older adults: OR 5.4; 95% CI 3.9 to 7.4; younger adults: OR 4.5; 95% CI 3.7 to 5.4) were positively associated with uptake; perceived side effects of vaccination had a negative impact (older adults: OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.7; younger adults: OR 0.8; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.0). Perceived susceptibility to influenza (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0) and awareness of the free influenza vaccine policy (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.9) were only associated with vaccine uptake in older adults, while perceived effectiveness of vaccination (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.7 to 2.8) was only a predictor for younger adults. Older adults were more likely to receive recommendations from healthcare professionals and perceive the severity of seasonal influenza, and less likely to worry about side effects of vaccination.
CONCLUSION
The influenza vaccination coverage rate was relatively low in Beijing. Apart from free vaccinations for older adults, age disparity in the rate between older and younger adults (48.7% vs 16.0%) may be explained by differing professional recommendations and public perceptions. Vaccination campaigns targeting increasing professional recommendations and public perceptions should be implemented in the coming years.
目的
本研究旨在估算中国北京的流感疫苗接种覆盖率，并确定老年人和年轻人中流感疫苗接种的决定因素。
方法
2015年5月至6月，采用自行填写的匿名问卷对中国成年人进行了一项调查。主要结果是季节性流感疫苗接种情况。采用多因素逻辑回归模型确定与疫苗接种相关的因素。
结果
共有7106名参与者完成了问卷。2014/2015流感季节的总体接种率为20.6%（95%可信区间19.7%至21.5%）。较低的教育程度（老年人：比值比1.6；95%可信区间1.2至2.1；年轻人：比值比1.9；95%可信区间1.4至2.6）、患有慢性病（老年人：比值比1.9；95%可信区间1.5至2.4；年轻人：比值比1.4；95%可信区间1.2至1.7）以及医护人员的建议（老年人：比值比5.4；95%可信区间3.9至7.4；年轻人：比值比4.5；95%可信区间3.7至5.4）与疫苗接种呈正相关；对疫苗接种副作用的认知有负面影响（老年人：比值比0.6；95%可信区间0.4至0.7；年轻人：比值比0.8；95%可信区间0.7至1.0）。对流感易感性的认知（比值比1.5；95%可信区间1.2至2.0）和对免费流感疫苗政策的知晓（比值比1.9；95%可信区间1.2至2.9）仅与老年人的疫苗接种有关，而对疫苗接种有效性的认知（比值比2.2；95%可信区间1.7至2.8）仅为年轻人疫苗接种的预测因素。老年人更有可能接受医护人员的建议并认识到季节性流感的严重性，且不太担心疫苗接种的副作用。
结论
北京的流感疫苗接种覆盖率相对较低。除了为老年人提供免费疫苗接种外，老年人和年轻人之间接种率的年龄差异（48.7%对16.0%）可能是由于专业建议和公众认知的不同所致。未来几年应开展旨在增加专业建议和公众认知的疫苗接种活动。
Zotero 插件