公共卫生专业学生对季节性流感疫苗接种的态度和障碍：一项横断面研究。
Attitudes and barriers associated with seasonal influenza vaccination uptake among public health students; a cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff St., Northridge, CA, 91330, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Sep 20;18(1):1131. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6041-1.
BACKGROUND
Although research has explored influenza vaccination uptake among medical and college students, there is a dearth of research in understanding influenza vaccination uptake and attitudes toward the vaccine among future public health practitioners. Undergraduate public health students represent future public health practitioners who may be a significant educational resource for health information, including the importance of vaccinations.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study utilized survey data from 158 undergraduate public health students attending a large public university in Southern California. The survey assessed public health students' attitudes and beliefs towards the seasonal influenza vaccine and seasonal vaccination rates among this population.
RESULTS
Over 88% of respondents reported having been encouraged to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine, while only 43.0% reported receipt. Of the students who reported not receiving the vaccine, 49.4% believed it may give them the flu, 30.4% believed there may be dangerous side effects, and 28.9% believed they were not at risk for contracting the flu. Access to health care practitioners (OR: 3.947, 95% CI [1.308-11.906]) and social encouragement (OR: 3.139, 95% CI [1.447-6.811]) were significantly associated with receipt of the seasonal influenza vaccine.
CONCLUSION
As public health program curriculum includes information about seasonal influenza vaccination and 68% of the sample were seniors soon to be exiting the program with an undergraduate degree in public health education, this low seasonal influenza vaccination rate is disturbing. This study may add to the body of data demonstrating how knowledge of the vaccine does not always guarantee vaccine uptake. Results of the current study suggest that it may be beneficial to provide additional information targeted to public health students, aimed at mediating safety concerns and increasing social pressure to assist in improving vaccine acceptance and rates in this population. Maximizing seasonal influenza vaccination uptake by addressing attitudes, barriers and misperceptions may not only improve vaccination rates among public health students, but also in communities served by these future public health practitioners.
背景
尽管已有研究探讨了医学生和大学生对流感疫苗的接种情况，但对于未来公共卫生从业者对流感疫苗的接种情况和态度，相关研究却十分匮乏。本科公共卫生专业的学生是未来的公共卫生从业者，他们可能是健康信息的重要教育资源，包括疫苗接种的重要性。
方法
本横断面研究利用了加利福尼亚州南部一所大型公立大学的 158 名本科公共卫生专业学生的调查数据。该调查评估了公共卫生专业学生对季节性流感疫苗的态度和信念，以及该人群的季节性疫苗接种率。
结果
超过 88%的受访者报告说曾被鼓励接种季节性流感疫苗，但只有 43.0%的人报告已接种。在未接种疫苗的学生中，49.4%的人认为接种疫苗可能会使他们感染流感，30.4%的人认为可能存在危险的副作用，28.9%的人认为他们没有感染流感的风险。获得医疗保健从业者的支持（OR：3.947，95%CI[1.308-11.906]）和社会鼓励（OR：3.139，95%CI[1.447-6.811]）与接种季节性流感疫苗显著相关。
结论
由于公共卫生课程计划包含有关季节性流感疫苗接种的信息，且样本中有 68%的学生是即将毕业的大四学生，他们拥有公共卫生教育的本科学位，因此如此低的季节性流感疫苗接种率令人不安。本研究可能为数据增添了新的内容，表明对疫苗的了解并不总是能保证疫苗接种率。当前研究的结果表明，为公共卫生专业的学生提供有针对性的信息可能会有所帮助，目的是减轻对安全性的担忧，并增加社会压力，以帮助提高该人群对疫苗的接受度和接种率。通过解决态度、障碍和误解来提高季节性流感疫苗的接种率，不仅可以提高公共卫生专业学生的疫苗接种率，还可以提高这些未来公共卫生从业者服务的社区的疫苗接种率。
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