Davison A G, Fayers P M, Taylor A J, Venables K M, Darbyshire J, Pickering C A, Chettle D R, Franklin D, Guthrie C J, Scott M C
Cardiothoracic Institute, Brompton Hospital, London.
Lancet. 1988 Mar 26;1(8587):663-7. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91474-2.
Lung function and chest radiographs of 101 men who had worked for 1 or more years manufacturing copper-cadmium alloy were compared with those of a referent group matched for age, sex, and employment status. Cigarette consumption was similar in the two groups. The cadmium workers had an excess of abnormalities of lung function and of radiographic changes consistent with emphysema. Classification of the cadmium workers by exposure categories based on either estimated cumulative cadmium exposure or liver cadmium measured by neutron activation analysis showed that abnormalities of lung function were greatest in those with the highest cumulative cadmium exposure or liver cadmium. The difference in the transfer coefficient (KCO) between cadmium workers and referents increased linearly with increasing cumulative exposure without evidence for a threshold. The estimated mean decrement in KCO for a cadmium worker employed 5 or more years with a cumulative exposure of 2000 yr.microgram.m-3 (exposure to the current UK control limit of 50 micrograms.m-3 for a working lifetime of 40 yr) lies between 0.05 and 0.3 mmol.min-1.kPa-1.l-1 (95% confidence interval). This decrement is consistent with the functional and radiological changes of emphysema observed in this group of workers.
将101名从事铜镉合金制造工作1年及以上的男性的肺功能和胸部X光片，与在年龄、性别和就业状况方面相匹配的对照组进行了比较。两组的香烟消费量相似。镉作业工人出现了过多的肺功能异常以及与肺气肿相符的X光片变化。根据通过中子活化分析测得的估计累积镉暴露量或肝脏镉含量，对镉作业工人按暴露类别进行分类，结果显示，累积镉暴露量或肝脏镉含量最高的工人肺功能异常最为严重。镉作业工人与对照组之间的转移系数（KCO）差异随着累积暴露量的增加呈线性增加，没有阈值证据。对于一名累积暴露量为2000年·微克·立方米-3（在40年工作寿命期间暴露于当前英国50微克·立方米-3的控制限值）、工作5年及以上的镉作业工人，估计KCO的平均下降幅度在0.05至0.3毫摩尔·分钟-1·千帕-1·升-1之间（95%置信区间）。这一下降幅度与该组工人中观察到的肺气肿功能和放射学变化一致。
