Rakowsky Sofia, Spiller Henry A, Casavant Marcel J, Chounthirath Thiphalak, Hodges Nichole L, Kim Eun Hye, Smith Gary A
1 Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
2 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2018 Mar;57(3):266-276. doi: 10.1177/0009922817698124. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
This study used the National Poison Data System database to retrospectively analyze the characteristics and medical outcomes of exposures to antipyretic medications involving children younger than 6 years in the United States. From 2000 through 2015, United States Poison Control Centers recorded an average of 74 387 antipyretic exposures annually among children younger than 6 years. Most exposures involved ibuprofen (55.1%) or acetaminophen (40.1%). From 2000 to 2009, the number of exposures increased by 73.0%, followed by a 25.2% decrease from 2009 to 2015. Children exposed to acetaminophen had 1.98 times higher odds of a serious medical outcome compared with those exposed to ibuprofen. Although generally safe at the correct dosage, antipyretic exposures continue to cause pediatric morbidity and, in rare cases, death. Prevention efforts should focus on reducing child access; educating caregivers about the potential dangers of antipyretics; and discouraging their use, except when needed to improve a child's comfort.
本研究利用国家毒物数据系统数据库，对美国6岁以下儿童使用退烧药的暴露特征及医疗结局进行回顾性分析。2000年至2015年期间，美国毒物控制中心每年记录的6岁以下儿童退烧药暴露事件平均为74387起。大多数暴露事件涉及布洛芬（55.1%）或对乙酰氨基酚（40.1%）。2000年至2009年期间，暴露事件数量增加了73.0%，随后在2009年至2015年期间下降了25.2%。与暴露于布洛芬的儿童相比，暴露于对乙酰氨基酚的儿童出现严重医疗结局的几率高出1.98倍。尽管正确剂量下退烧药一般是安全的，但退烧药暴露事件仍会导致儿童发病，在极少数情况下还会导致死亡。预防措施应着重于减少儿童接触机会；对护理人员进行退烧药潜在危险的教育；并劝阻使用退烧药，除非为改善儿童舒适度确有必要。
