Ilyas Syeda Zainab, Tabassum Rabia, Hamed Haroon, Rehman Shafiq Ur, Qadri Ishtiaq
1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab , Lahore, Pakistan .
2 Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University , Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Viral Immunol. 2017 Nov;30(9):633-641. doi: 10.1089/vim.2017.0009. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
Besides liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with many extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs). HCV exhibits lymphotropism that is responsible for various EHM. An important characteristic of HCV is escape from the immune system, which enables it to produce chronic infections and autoimmune disorders along with accumulation of circulating immune complexes. These EHMs have large spectrum, because they affect many organs such as heart, lungs, kidney, brain, thyroid, and skin. HCV-related cardiac and pulmonary manifestations include myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, cardiovascular diseases (i.e., Stroke, ischemic heart disease), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and interstitial lung diseases. This review discusses etiology and pathogenesis of HCV-associated cardiac and pulmonary manifestations and how different genes, immune system, indirectly linked factors (mixed cryoglobulinemia), liver cirrhosis, and antiviral treatment are involved in HCV-related heart and lung diseases, however, their exact mechanism is not clear.
除了肝硬化和肝细胞癌外，慢性丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染还与许多肝外表现（EHM）相关。HCV表现出嗜淋巴细胞性，这是导致各种EHM的原因。HCV的一个重要特征是逃避免疫系统，这使其能够产生慢性感染和自身免疫性疾病，同时循环免疫复合物会不断积累。这些EHM的范围很广，因为它们会影响许多器官，如心脏、肺、肾脏、大脑、甲状腺和皮肤。HCV相关的心脏和肺部表现包括心肌炎、心肌病、心血管疾病（即中风、缺血性心脏病）、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、特发性肺纤维化、哮喘和间质性肺疾病。本综述讨论了HCV相关心脏和肺部表现的病因和发病机制，以及不同基因、免疫系统、间接相关因素（混合性冷球蛋白血症）、肝硬化和抗病毒治疗如何与HCV相关的心脏和肺部疾病有关，然而，它们的确切机制尚不清楚。
