Aride P H R, Oliveira A M, Batista R B, Ferreira M S, Pantoja-Lima J, Ladislau D S, Castro P D S, Oliveira A T
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Pipuma, ES, Brazil.
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2018 May;78(2):360-367. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.169442. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
The physiological responses of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed commercial feed supplemented with different concentrations of camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) were evaluated. The design was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in a factorial design with three proportions of camu camu (15%, 30% and 45%) and a control treatment (100% commercial diet), with four replicates per treatment. A total of 96 tambaqui specimens were used, with a mean initial weight of 11.69 ± 2.68 g and a mean length of 7.06 ± 0.44 cm. After 30 days, hematological parameters, metabolic variables, growth and fish swimming performance were evaluated. The different proportions of camu camu in the diet did not cause significant changes to the tambaqui's hematological parameters during the feeding period, except for hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) after the 30th day, and hematocrit (Ht) after the swimming stress test, which increased significantly (p < 0.05). The significant increases in metabolic variables, such as cortisol, glucose, proteins and triglycerides, and in hematologic variables after the Ucrit test reflect, respectively, biochemical adaptations for maintenance of the energy mobilization process and a regulatory necessity in tissue oxygen demand during intense exercise. Fish fed 15% and 30% camu camu gained the most weight and achieved the best swimming performance, respectively. The results for camu camu concentrations above 30% suggest a saturation of its intrinsic properties in the diet at this level and a loss of nutrients from the commercial feed replaced by the fruit, reducing productive performance and nutritional assimilation.
对投喂添加不同浓度卡姆果（Myrciaria dubia）的商业饲料的幼年巨脂鲤（Colossoma macropomum）的生理反应进行了评估。实验设计为完全随机设计，处理采用析因设计，设置三个卡姆果比例（15%、30%和45%）以及一个对照处理（100%商业饲料），每个处理有四个重复。总共使用了96尾巨脂鲤样本，平均初始体重为11.69±2.68克，平均体长为7.06±0.44厘米。30天后，评估了血液学参数、代谢变量、生长情况和鱼类游泳性能。在投喂期内，饲料中不同比例的卡姆果对巨脂鲤的血液学参数没有引起显著变化，但在第30天后血红蛋白（Hb）浓度、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）以及游泳应激试验后的血细胞比容（Ht）显著增加（p<0.05）。Ucrit试验后代谢变量（如皮质醇、葡萄糖、蛋白质和甘油三酯）以及血液学变量的显著增加分别反映了维持能量动员过程的生化适应以及剧烈运动期间组织氧需求的调节必要性。投喂15%和30%卡姆果的鱼分别增重最多且游泳性能最佳。卡姆果浓度高于30%的结果表明，其在饲料中的固有特性在该水平达到饱和，并且水果替代了商业饲料中的营养成分，导致生产性能和营养同化损失。
