Montagna Erik, Lopes Otávio Sérgio
Postgraduate, Research and Innovation Center, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC) - Santo André (SP), Brazil.
Research Center of the Clínica Dermatológica Santa Catarina - João Pessoa (PB), Brazil.
An Bras Dermatol. 2017 Jul-Aug;92(4):517-520. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176544.
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer, presenting low mortality but high morbidity, and it has as risk factor exposure to sunlight, especially UVB spectrum. The most important constitutional risk factors for basal cell carcinoma development are clear phototypes (I and II, Fitzpatrick classification), family history of basal cell carcinoma (30-60%), freckles in childhood, eyes and light hair. The environmental risk factor better established is exposure to ultraviolet radiation. However, different solar exposure scenarios probably are independent risk factors for certain clinical and histological types, topographies and prognosis of this tumor, and focus of controversy among researchers. Studies confirm that changes in cellular genes Hedgehog signaling pathway are associated with the development of basal cell carcinoma. The cellular Hedgehog signaling pathway is activated in organogenesis, but is altered in various types of tumors.
基底细胞癌是最常见的癌症，死亡率低但发病率高，其危险因素是暴露于阳光，尤其是紫外线B波段。基底细胞癌发生的最重要体质危险因素是明确的光类型（I型和II型，菲茨帕特里克分类法）、基底细胞癌家族史（30-60%）、儿童期雀斑、浅色眼睛和浅色头发。已明确的环境危险因素是暴露于紫外线辐射。然而，不同的日晒情况可能是该肿瘤某些临床和组织学类型、部位及预后的独立危险因素，也是研究人员之间争议的焦点。研究证实，细胞内刺猬信号通路的改变与基底细胞癌的发生有关。细胞刺猬信号通路在器官发生过程中被激活，但在各种类型的肿瘤中会发生改变。
