Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
Mol Plant. 2018 Jan 8;11(1):58-74. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.010. Epub 2017 Sep 25.
Carotenoids are indispensable to plants and critical in human diets. Plastids are the organelles for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage in plant cells. They exist in various types, which include proplastids, etioplasts, chloroplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts. These plastids have dramatic differences in their capacity to synthesize and sequester carotenoids. Clearly, plastids play a central role in governing carotenogenic activity, carotenoid stability, and pigment diversity. Understanding of carotenoid metabolism and accumulation in various plastids expands our view on the multifaceted regulation of carotenogenesis and facilitates our efforts toward developing nutrient-enriched food crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of various types of plastids on carotenoid biosynthesis and accumulation, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory control of carotenogenesis and metabolic engineering of carotenoids in light of plastid types in plants.
类胡萝卜素对植物是不可或缺的，对人类饮食也至关重要。质体是植物细胞中类胡萝卜素生物合成和储存的细胞器。它们存在于各种类型中，包括前质体、黄化质体、叶绿体、淀粉体和有色体。这些质体在合成和隔离类胡萝卜素的能力上有显著差异。显然，质体在调控类胡萝卜素生物合成活性、类胡萝卜素稳定性和色素多样性方面发挥着核心作用。对不同质体中类胡萝卜素代谢和积累的理解扩展了我们对类胡萝卜素生物合成多方面调控的认识，并有助于我们努力开发富含营养的粮食作物。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了各种类型的质体对类胡萝卜素生物合成和积累的影响，并讨论了在考虑植物质体类型的情况下，我们对类胡萝卜素生物合成调控控制和代谢工程的最新理解进展。
