Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2019 Nov;148:54-59. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.09.022. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
Age-related diseases involving degeneration of human skeletal and cardiovascular systems are now critical problems worldwide. The current review focuses on a common pathophysiological association between primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification, and reviews the mechanical response of bone cells and vascular cells to mechanical stress, as well as the coordination mechanism for intercellular signaling. With aging, calcium is lost from bones but deposited in the cardiovascular system. Bone metabolism-related molecules, such as alkaline phosphatase, matrix Gla protein, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and collagen type I; inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1, -6, and tumor necrosis factor; and lipid metabolism related molecules, such as oxidized low density lipoprotein; mediate signaling in primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification. The mechanical microenvironment is a common pathophysiological basis for primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification. Mobilization of calcium from bone to vessel determines the regression rate, which could be controlled using a mechanical microenvironment. We highlight several issues: (1) linked features between primary osteoporosis and vascular calcification, and detailed changes of the mechanical microenvironment in degenerative bone or blood vessels, (2) signaling coordination mechanism between bone and vascular wall cells, and (3) calcium translocation mechanism. The degree to which these issues can be solved will help develop prevention and treatment strategies for age-related regression.
与人类骨骼和心血管系统退行性病变相关的衰老性疾病目前是全球性的重大问题。本篇综述聚焦于原发性骨质疏松症和血管钙化之间的一种常见的病理生理学关联，并回顾了骨细胞和血管细胞对机械应激的力学响应，以及细胞间信号的协调机制。随着年龄的增长，钙会从骨骼中流失，但会沉积在心血管系统中。骨代谢相关分子，如碱性磷酸酶、基质 Gla 蛋白、骨钙素、骨桥蛋白和 I 型胶原；炎症细胞因子，如白细胞介素-1、-6 和肿瘤坏死因子；以及脂质代谢相关分子，如氧化型低密度脂蛋白；介导了原发性骨质疏松症和血管钙化中的信号转导。机械微环境是原发性骨质疏松症和血管钙化的共同病理生理学基础。钙从骨骼向血管的动员决定了退行性骨或血管的回归速率，这可以通过机械微环境来控制。我们强调了几个问题：（1）原发性骨质疏松症和血管钙化之间的关联特征，以及退行性骨或血管中机械微环境的详细变化，（2）骨和血管壁细胞之间的信号协调机制，以及（3）钙转运机制。这些问题解决的程度将有助于制定针对衰老性退行的预防和治疗策略。
