Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2016 Dec 19;1(4):185-191. doi: 10.1136/svn-2016-000038. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Sleep disorders have been known to physicians for a long time. In his famous aphorisms, Hippocrates said "Sleep or watchfulness exceeding that which is customary, augurs unfavorably". Modern medicine has been able to disentangle some of the phenomena that disturb sleep. Among the most notable offenders is sleep apnoea that has gained prominence in the past few decades. It is being proposed as one of the potentially modifiable risk factors for vascular diseases including stroke. The pathological mechanisms linking sleep apnoea to vascular risk factors include hypoxia, cardiac arrhythmias, dysautonomia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and inflammation. In this article, we review literature linking sleep apnoea and stroke, including sleep apnoea as a risk factor for primary prevention with the potential to improve outcome after acute stroke and as a secondary risk factor, amenable to modification and hence vascular risk reduction.
睡眠障碍在医生中已经存在很长时间了。希波克拉底在他著名的格言中说过：“过度的睡眠或清醒，预示着不利的情况。”现代医学已经能够理清一些扰乱睡眠的现象。其中最引人注目的是睡眠呼吸暂停，它在过去几十年中引起了人们的关注。它被认为是包括中风在内的血管疾病的潜在可改变危险因素之一。将睡眠呼吸暂停与血管危险因素联系起来的病理机制包括缺氧、心律失常、自主神经功能障碍、葡萄糖耐量受损、高血压、血脂异常和炎症。在本文中，我们回顾了将睡眠呼吸暂停与中风联系起来的文献，包括睡眠呼吸暂停作为原发性预防的危险因素，以及作为急性中风后改善预后的潜在因素，以及作为二级危险因素，可通过改变来降低血管风险。
