Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Bipolar Disord. 2017 Sep;19(6):487-495. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12512. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
The human brain is organized into large-scale networks that dynamically interact with each other. Extensive evidence has shown characteristic changes in certain large-scale networks during transitions from internally directed to externally directed attention. The aim of the present study was to compare these context-dependent network interactions during emotion regulation and to examine potential alterations in remitted unipolar and bipolar disorder patients.
We employed a multi-region generalized psychophysiological interactions analysis to quantify connectivity changes during distraction vs reappraisal pair-wise across 90 regions placed throughout the four networks of interest (default-mode, frontoparietal, salience, and dorsal attention networks). Using network contingency analysis and permutation testing, we estimated the likelihood that the number of significant condition-dependent connectivity changes in every pair of networks exceeds the number expected by chance. We first examined the pattern of functional connectivity in 42 healthy subjects (sample I) and then compared these connectivity patterns across healthy individuals (n=23) and remitted bipolar (n=21) and unipolar disorder patients (n=21) in an independent sample II.
In sample I, distraction compared to reappraisal was characterized by reduced connectivity within the default-mode network and between the default-mode and two cognitive control networks and increased connectivity among the cognitive control networks. In sample II, both patient groups exhibited abnormally increased default-mode intra- and inter-network connectivity during distraction compared to reappraisal.
The present study highlights the role of large-scale network interactions in emotion regulation and provides preliminary evidence of default-mode inter- and intra-network connectivity impairments in remitted bipolar and unipolar patients during emotion regulation.
人类大脑组织成大规模的网络，这些网络彼此之间动态地相互作用。大量证据表明，在从内部导向到外部导向的注意力转移过程中，某些大规模网络中存在特征性的变化。本研究的目的是比较情绪调节过程中这些依赖于上下文的网络相互作用，并研究缓解期单相和双相障碍患者中可能存在的改变。
我们采用多区域广义心理生理相互作用分析，在 90 个感兴趣的区域（默认模式、额顶叶、突显和背侧注意网络）中，量化分心与重新评价之间的连接变化。使用网络连续分析和置换检验，我们估计了在每对网络中，与条件相关的连接变化数量超过随机预期数量的可能性。我们首先在 42 名健康受试者（样本 I）中检查了功能连接模式，然后在独立样本 II 中比较了健康个体（n=23）和缓解期双相（n=21）和单相障碍患者（n=21）之间的这些连接模式。
在样本 I 中，与重新评价相比，分心的特点是默认模式网络内以及默认模式与两个认知控制网络之间的连接减少，而认知控制网络之间的连接增加。在样本 II 中，两组患者在分心时都表现出异常增加的默认模式内和网络间连接，而在重新评价时则表现出异常增加的默认模式内和网络间连接。
本研究强调了大规模网络相互作用在情绪调节中的作用，并提供了初步证据，表明在情绪调节过程中，缓解期双相和单相障碍患者的默认模式内和网络间连接受损。
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