Adeola Henry A, Van Wyk Jennifer C, Arowolo Afolake, Ngwanya Reginald M, Mkentane Khwezikazi, Khumalo Nonhlanhla P
Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Proteomics Clin Appl. 2018 Mar;12(2). doi: 10.1002/prca.201700048. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
The use of noninvasive human substrates to interrogate pathophysiological conditions has become essential in the post- Human Genome Project era. Due to its high turnover rate, and its long term capability to incorporate exogenous and endogenous substances from the circulation, hair testing is emerging as a key player in monitoring long term drug compliance, chronic alcohol abuse, forensic toxicology, and biomarker discovery, among other things. Novel high-throughput 'omics based approaches like proteomics have been underutilized globally in comprehending human hair morphology and its evolving use as a diagnostic testing substrate in the era of precision medicine. There is paucity of scientific evidence that evaluates the difference in drug incorporation into hair based on lipid content, and very few studies have addressed hair growth rates, hair forms, and the biological consequences of hair grooming or bleaching. It is apparent that protein-based identification using the human hair proteome would play a major role in understanding these parameters akin to DNA single nucleotide polymorphism profiling, up to single amino acid polymorphism resolution. Hence, this work seeks to identify and discuss the progress made thus far in the field of molecular hair testing using proteomic approaches, and identify ways in which proteomics would improve the field of hair research, considering that the human hair is mostly composed of proteins. Gaps in hair proteomics research are identified and the potential of hair proteomics in establishing a historic medical repository of normal and disease-specific proteome is also discussed.
在人类基因组计划后的时代，利用非侵入性人体样本探究病理生理状况已变得至关重要。由于头发的更新率高，且具有从循环中摄取外源性和内源性物质的长期能力，头发检测正成为监测长期药物依从性、慢性酒精滥用、法医毒理学以及生物标志物发现等方面的关键手段。诸如蛋白质组学等新型高通量“组学”方法在全球范围内尚未充分用于理解人类头发形态及其在精准医学时代作为诊断检测样本的不断演变的用途。目前缺乏基于脂质含量评估药物掺入头发差异的科学证据，而且很少有研究涉及头发生长速率、头发形态以及头发梳理或漂白的生物学后果。显然，利用人类头发蛋白质组进行基于蛋白质的鉴定在理解这些参数方面将发挥重要作用，类似于DNA单核苷酸多态性分析，直至单氨基酸多态性分辨率。因此，鉴于人类头发主要由蛋白质组成，这项工作旨在识别和讨论迄今为止在使用蛋白质组学方法进行分子头发检测领域所取得的进展，并确定蛋白质组学改善头发研究领域的方式。识别了头发蛋白质组学研究中的差距，并讨论了头发蛋白质组学在建立正常和疾病特异性蛋白质组历史医学库方面的潜力。
